Control of color primaries and white point in a laser-phosphor projector

ABSTRACT

A light projection system for generating an image with three primary colors, each primary color being respectively defined by a first, second and third wavebands. The system includes a first blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourth waveband, the first blue laser source having a first laser driver, a second blue laser source emitting a second beam having a central wavelength and a fifth waveband, the second blue laser source having a second laser driver, a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the second blue laser source and a beam combiner for combining the combined first beam and the converted beam, which combination results in a white beam. Dichroic losses can be reduced by using a green phosphor together with red laser assistance.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to an optical sub-assembly, a projectorand method of operating a projector, a controller for controlling aprojector and a method of controlling a projector.

Projection technology makes increasing use of solid state light sourcesinstead of the conventional lamps, e.g. using lasers in a single-chipDLP projector, in three-chip DLP projectors or in other projectors with3 imagers (LCD, LCoS, . . . ).

-   -   Laser-based solid state projectors could be classified in two        main categories:    -   Full laser projectors (using direct red, green and blue lasers)    -   Laser phosphor projectors (using blue laser to excite a        wavelength convertor material to generate some of the three        primaries)

Currently, the full laser projectors are typically ultra-brightprojectors aimed at the niche market of digital cinema (DC). Laserphosphor projectors mainly have a lower light output, i.e. under 12,000lumens and therefore are sold in the markets outside digital cinema.However, recent improvements in the phosphor technology allow laserphosphor projectors to achieve even brightness levels up to 20,000lumens and possibly higher.

High brightness and colour performance are important because a digitalcinema projector has to project images according to the DCI standard,including for instance a typical wider colour gamut.

In markets outside digital cinema a different colour gamut of theprojector can be set such as to the REC709 colour gamut. But it is veryimportant to mention that REC709 is only a recommendation, not astandard. Therefore the colour performance of the projectors can varywidely for instance for the colour point of the primaries, their colourto white ratios and the white colour point. The DCI standard is muchstricter and defines the colour gamut and the white point of a DigitalCinema projection system. Some tolerances are allowed via narrowtolerance boxes expressed in a colour diagram for the white colour pointand the colour points of the primary colours.

A comparison between the REC709 colour gamut and the DCI colour gamut ispresented in FIG. 1.

Current laser-phosphor 3-chip projectors generate red green and blueprimaries using blue lasers to excite a phosphor wavelength convertorand to generate yellow light. Direct blue laser light is added to thephosphor yellow light to create a white source. Blue lasers arepreferred instead of blue LED's for the phosphor excitation due to thesmaller &endue of laser light. Sometimes, additional red lasers or redLEDs are added to improve the red content. The typical optical spectrumof such a white illumination source consisting of direct blue lasers andyellow phosphor is presented in FIG. 2.

The colour point for the white laser+phosphor light source will vary dueto a number of design choices. Additionally, with regard to the blueprimary color point, for direct blue lasers the wavelength can vary inthe interval 440 nm and 470 nm and one wavelength or a combination ofdifferent wavelengths can be used in this interval. The wavelength ofthe blue lasers can have some impact on the white point although theirintensity or power level has much more impact. The selection of the bluelaser has an impact on the location of the blue primary color point, inother words the left bottom corner of the color gamut.

The blue laser+yellow phosphor architecture has become very popular forprojectors in the markets outside digital cinema due to its reducedcomplexity and right balance between performance and cost. Thewavelength convertor for example is only one type of phosphor used tocreate both the red and the green component. Moreover, yellow phosphorswith very good performance (e.g. high conversion efficiency, chemicallystable, good quenching performance etc.) are readily available and themost popular example is the YAG:Ce phosphor used in white LEDs forlighting and backlighting applications. It is a well-known fact howeverthat the application of red phosphors is not simple mainly due to thefact that red phosphors have poor thermal behaviour and they quench attemperatures much lower than those observed for good yellow phosphors.Also, the conversion efficiency of the red phosphors is much lower thanthat of a yellow phosphor (e.g. 30-35% compared with 60-65%). Hencehaving a good performing yellow phosphor with a significant red contenthas become in many cases the solution of choice.

However, for DCI compliant projectors, this very popular solution ofonly using blue lasers and a yellow phosphor proved to be ratherlimiting and additional improvements are required.

In order to have a DCI compliant projector when using such a whitedirect blue laser+yellow phosphor source a number of steps need to becarried out.

The first step is to achieve the native red, green and blue primariesaccording to the DCI spec. For most of the 3-chip projectors thesplitting of the light generated by the light source into the threeprimaries, happening in the imaging module of the projector, is done bythe Philips prism as seen in the FIG. 3. The Philips prism is alsoresponsible for the initial filtering of the light. This filtering is aresult of the typical difference of Angle Of Incidence (AOI) on thePhilips prism coatings for incoming and outgoing light. The exactlyimpacted wavelength ranges are depending on the coating design but atypical case is that a dip around 490-500 nm (less visible in FIG. 3)and around 575-600 nm are created, for example.

However, the red and green primaries obtained in this way are still toobroad to be DCI compliant. The colour points are not in thecorresponding DCI tolerance boxes. An additional filtering in thegreen-red transition interval done with a notch filter is needed withthe effect schematically represented in FIG. 4.

The wavelength interval between the green and red wavelengths (henceyellow wavelengths) where the imaging engine does the split-off betweenred and green results in a substantial amount of light loss.

The notch filter effect shown in FIG. 4 is just an example. In reality,the characteristics of the filter will have to be tailored to the exactphosphor spectrum and the exact specifications of the dichroic filtersin the prism in order to correct the colour points of the primaries tobe DCI compliant.

Due to the big difference between the optical spectrum of a Xenon lampand a yellow phosphor, the light losses due to the use of a notch filterwith a Xenon lamp are very different to that for a blue laser+yellowphosphor white source. In the case of the Xenon lamp this is typically8% (in lumens). While in the case of blue laser +yellow phosphor whitesource this is approximately 18% (in lumens).

In addition to this significant decrease in brightness due to the notchfilter for the specific case of a laser phosphor light source, anothersource of brightness reduction is the lack of red light and the excessof green light in the spectrum.

As a consequence, the major problem when using the blue laser +yellowphosphor architecture for a DCI compliant projector (in addition to thesignificant decrease in brightness due to the notch filter) is the lackof red light and the excess of green light in the typical spectrum of ayellow phosphor. Whereas this might not be a problem for projectorswhere the colour to white ratio is not a critical parameter, it's amajor problem for DCI compliant projectors where the white color point(and therefore the red to white ratio) is very well defined in the DCIstandard.

To solve this problem and bring the white color point at the DCI targetvalue the excess of green light (and possibly blue also) has to beremoved electronically. The same procedure is also used in current Xenonand Mercury lamp based projectors. But the losses due to theseelectronic corrections in the laser-phosphor based projectors are muchhigher than what is typically the case for a Xenon or Mercury lamp basedprojector. With typical values of 30% decrease in brightness due to theelectronic correction, having a phosphor with such a limited red contentproves to be a very serious issue.

To tackle the lack of red in the yellow phosphor spectrum, a solutiontypically called “red assisted laser phosphor source” has been proposed.In this case, an additional light source (direct red laser or red LEDs)is used to boost the red colour being produced. This additional lightsource is added to the existing blue laser+yellow phosphor solutionwithout typically changing the type of phosphor that is used.

This is a very good solution in order to boost the red content andreduce the losses due to colour correction but it is still notminimizing the possible loses in brightness needed to achieve the DCIspecification or other wide color gamut specifications or anotherstandardized white point, or a combination of these.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical subassemblyfor a projector designed to work, for example optionally with a redlaser and a phosphor source with the advantage of reducing or minimizingthe losses. Embodiments of the present invention reduce or minimize thelosses of light which occur if a yellow phosphor is used for example.These losses can happen at different stages in the optical path such asin the Philips prism, due to electronic correction, due to a notchfilter and/or any combination or all of these. Similar problems canoccur with other color splitting and recombination engines for 3-chipprojectors, DLP or also LCOS or LCD, for instance with a color splittingdichroic mirrors and a recombination X-cube.

Embodiments of the present invention provide the advantage of a smaller,more compact, less expensive projector with a lower need for cooling,specifically for a wide-gamut colour performance. Embodiments of thepresent invention are specifically suited for a specific standardizedwhite color point such as a DCI white colour point.

An advantage of embodiments of the present invention is to match thecolor performance of the projection system to a color gamut target asgiven by DCI or larger with low or minimal light losses.

Embodiments of the present invention are particularly advantageous whenimplemented as a 3-chip projector architecture with a continuous whitelight illuminator, i.e. one illuminator per projector, but a combinationof 2 or more is included within the scope of the present invention.

In one aspect the present invention provides a light projection systemfor generating an image with three primary colors, in particular, blue,green, and red, each primary color being respectively defined by afirst, second and third wavebands, said light projection systemcomprising

-   -   a first blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourth        waveband, said first blue laser source having a first laser        driver,    -   a second blue laser source emitting a second beam having a        central wavelength and a fifth waveband, said second blue laser        source having a second laser driver,    -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the        second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in an        optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;

characterized in that the wavelength conversion element has

a centroid wavelength <560 nm and/or

GRTZC<16%.

For example light emitted by the wavelength conversion elementpreferably has

-   -   a green content>65%, wherein the green content is defined as a        portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from the        wavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband,        wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm,    -   and a Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as

${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$

-   -   is smaller than 16%.

Hence, the light from the wavelength conversion element can have a greencontent>65%. For example, the green content can be <75%, optionally<80%.

The fourth waveband is usually the same as the first waveband. The fifthwaveband provides usually a majority of the light for the thirdwaveband. Usually the first or third waveband is wider than the wavebandof any individual laser source.

Blue or bluish light can be emitted from the wavelength conversionelement in the waveband 480-500 nm. The blue laser can emit in thewaveband 440-470 nm wavelength.

A red content of the light from the projection lens is preferably <30%and optionally >20%, the percentage values relating to relative energycontributions of the converted light from the wavelength conversionelement in a certain wavelength range compared to the whole lightspectrum from the wavelength conversion element which is taken as 100%.

A green light content is a portion of light spectrum of the lightemitted from the wavelength conversion element that goes into the greenwaveband.

The green waveband can be in the range 495-575 nm.

GRTZC refers to light that desaturates colors and makes the color gamutsmaller.

A third red laser source emitting a third beam in the third waveband,said third red laser source having a third laser driver. A red contentin a light beam is the relative portion of the wavelength conversionelement spectrum that goes into the third waveband.

The third waveband has light from the red laser, and an added amount ofred or reddish light from the wavelength conversion element forde-speckling. An upper limit of the red or reddish light is reached ifthe color point of red moves to a smaller color gamut. The red orreddish light is orange light in the range 595-620 nm.

The Blue light content+Green light content+Red light content amounts to100% for the light from the wavelength conversion element.

A notch filter can be provided to reduce light intensity of wavelengthsin the waveband 570-600 nm. The notch filter can reduce light intensityin the range 10-15% or 10 to 20%.

At least one variable waveband reduction filter can be mounted on anactuator and provided in the optical path of the white beam, and whereina movement of said variable waveband reduction filter between a firstand a second position results in a change of the transmitted waveband ofthe white beam from a first to a second transmitted intensity, such asto adjust a projector white point.

The variable waveband reduction filter can be a first waveband reductionfilter, a second waveband reduction filter or a third waveband reductionfilter, such that it is configured to change the intensity ofwavelengths comprised in the first, second or third wavebandsrespectively.

The notch filter and the variable waveband reduction filter can becombined in a combined variable filter. A first side of the variablefilter can be coated with a narrow band notch filter and a second sideof the filter can be coated with a variable waveband reduction filter.The variable second waveband reduction filter can be configured toreduce the intensity of wavelengths comprised in the range 510-570 nm.The actuator is preferably controlled by a processing unit. The actuatorcan comprise a rotation stage for rotating the variable second wavebandreduction filter around the optical axis or at least one translationstage for moving said variable second waveband reduction filter in adirection perpendicular to the optical axis.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can comprise a coatingprovided with a pattern with an increased density of green-reducingpatterns, the direction of density increase being adapted to thedirection of movement of the actuator such that the intensity of thesecond green spectral band can be adjusted.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can comprise at least oneof a rectangular continuous green reduction coating providing linear,adjustable attenuation within the coated region via translation, afilter with a rectangular reduction in step coating providing adjustableattenuation in steps within the coated region via translation, a roundfilter providing linear, adjustable attenuation within the coated regionvia rotation or a round filter providing linear attenuation in stepswithin the coated region via rotation of the filter.

The wavelength conversion element is a phosphor as phosphors have highpower performance. The phosphor is of the type YAG:Ce if a yellowphosphor is desired. The phosphor can be of the type LUAG:Ce if a greenphosphor is required.

The wavelength conversion element comprises quantum dots, e.g. for lowpower applications.

An optical monitoring unit can be provided for measuring the relativeintensity of the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam.The optical monitoring unit can comprise at least one light sensor. Thelight sensor is preferably a multiband sensor or several individualsensors configured to measure the intensity of wavelengths comprised inthe first, second and third wavebands. The multiband senor is preferablyconfigured to detect a or any difference in the light spectrum between alaser light and a converted beam. The optical monitoring unit canreceive light by means of a foldable minor placed in the optical path ofthe white beam, such that approximately 0.5% of the light is reflectedto the light sensor.

The light sensor is at least one of a photodiode sensor, photoresistor,organic photoreceptor, spectrometer, photo-amplifiers, CCD-or CMOSsensors and can include combination of these.

The projection system can further comprise a processing unit configuredto communicate with the optical monitoring unit. For example, thefoldable mirror can be configured to be retracted in and out from thewhite beam. The foldable mirror can be mounted on an actuator controlledby the processing unit.

Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a 3-chipprojector.

The processing unit has local intelligence e.g. a microprocessor or anFPGA and can be configured to communicate with the optical monitoringunit for measuring the relative intensity of first, second and thirdwavelength bands of a white beam, said processing unit furtherconfigured to calculate a change in the drive levels of at least one ofthe first to third laser beams and the drive levels of the at least onevariable waveband reduction filter according to the relative intensityof the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam to adjust awhite point shift, and the first to third laser drivers beingindependently controlled so as to adjust the light intensity of each ofa first and second blue laser sources independently of the lightintensity of a red laser source.

The optical monitoring unit can be adapted to monitor differentcontributions in any, some or all wavebands. The optical monitoring unitcan be adapted to monitor both the laser light and the wavelengthconversion element light contribution in the blue waveband.

A variable blue and red reduction filter can be provided to increase therange of control available. The variable blue and red reduction filtercan reduce further the red or reddish and blue or blueish light from thewavelength conversion element going into the red and blue channel. Theblue and red reduction filter can comprise an actuator such that theamount of blue and red light transmitted by said filter can be adjustedby moving the position of said filter.

Each laser source can comprise an array of individual lasers, theintensity of each individual laser being controlled by its laser driverand wherein each laser is configured to be pulsed by its associatedlaser driver.

Beam homogenization optics can be provided.

Despeckling means can be provided.

The present application also provides an optical assembly for a lightprojection system for generating an image with three primary colors, inparticular, blue, green, and red, each primary color being respectivelydefined by a first, second and third wavebands, the system having afirst blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourth waveband, saidfirst blue laser source having a first laser driver, and a second bluelaser source emitting a second beam having a central wavelength and afifth waveband, said second blue laser source having a second laserdriver,

said assembly comprising

-   -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the        second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in an        optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;

characterized in that the wavelength conversion element has

-   -   a centroid wavelength <560 nm and/or    -   GRTZC <16%.

For example, light from the wavelength conversion element can have

-   -   a green content >65%, wherein the green content is defined as a        portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from the        wavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband,        wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm,    -   and a Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as

${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$

-   -   is smaller than 16%.

The optical assembly can have any of the features of the lightprojection system excluding the light sources.

The present invention also provides a method for generating an imagewith a light projection system with three primary colors, in particular,blue, green, and red, each primary color being respectively defined by afirst, second and third waveband, the method comprising

-   -   generating laser light from a first blue laser source emitting a        first beam of the fourth waveband, said first blue laser source        having a first laser driver,    -   generating laser light from a second blue laser source emitting        a second beam having a central wavelength and a waveband, said        second blue laser source having a second laser driver,    -   generating laser light from a third red laser source emitting a        third beam of the third waveband, said third red laser source        having a third laser driver,    -   generating converted light from a substrate having a wavelength        conversion element for emitting light at a plurality of        wavelengths after absorption of a light beam at an excitation        wavelength within the waveband of the second blue laser source,        said substrate being positioned in an optical path of said        second beam such that light transmitted through or reflected        from the wavelength conversion element results in emission of a        converted beam having a waveband comprising at least the second        and third wavebands,    -   combining the combined first and the converted beam, which        combination results in a white beam;

wherein the wavelength conversion element has

-   -   a centroid wavelength<560 nm and/or    -   GRTZC<16%.

For example light emitted from the wavelength conversion element canhave:

-   -   a green content>65%, wherein the green content is defined as a        portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from the        wavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband,        wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm,    -   and a Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as

${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$

-   -   is smaller than 16%.

The method can have further steps such as

-   -   generating laser light from a third red laser source emitting a        third beam of the third waveband, said third red laser source        having a third laser driver,    -   combining the white beam with the third beam which combination        results in a white beam.

Hence, the wavelength conversion element can have a green content>65%and the green content can be <75%, optionally <80%.

The present invention in one aspect provides a light projection systemfor generating an image with three primary colors, in particular, blue,green, and red, each primary color being respectively defined by afirst, second and third wavebands, said light projection systemcomprising

-   -   a first blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourth        waveband, said first blue laser source having a first laser        driver,    -   second blue laser source emitting a second beam having a central        wavelength and a fifth waveband, said second blue laser source        having a second laser driver,    -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the        second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in an        optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;    -   characterized in that the projection system further comprises at        least one variable waveband reduction filter mounted on an        actuator and provided in the optical path of the white beam, and        wherein a movement of said variable waveband reduction filter        between a first and a second position results in a change of the        transmitted waveband of the white beam from a first to a second        transmitted intensity, such as to adjust a projector white        point.

The variable waveband reduction filter can be a first waveband reductionfilter, a second waveband reduction filter or a third waveband reductionfilter, such that it is configured to change the intensity ofwavelengths comprised in the first, second or third wavebandsrespectively.

A notch filter can be provided for reducing light intensity ofwavelengths in the waveband 570-600 nm. The notch filter can be providedto reduce light intensity in the range 10-15% or 10 to 20%. The notchfilter and the variable waveband reduction filter can be combined in acombined variable filter.

A first side of the variable filter can be coated with a narrow bandnotch filter and a second side of the filter can be coated with avariable waveband reduction filter. The variable second wavebandreduction filter is configured to reduce the intensity of wavelengthscomprised in the range 510-570 nm.

The actuator can be controlled by a processing unit which provides localintelligence, arithmetic calculation ability and control functions thatcan be based on a model. The actuator comprises a rotation stage forrotating the variable second waveband reduction filter around theoptical axis or at least one translation stage for moving said variablesecond waveband reduction filter in a direction perpendicular to theoptical axis.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can comprise a coatingprovided with a pattern with an increased density of green-reducingpatterns, the direction of density increase being adapted to thedirection of movement of the actuator such that the intensity of thesecond green spectral band can be adjusted.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can comprise at least oneof a rectangular continuous green reduction coating providing linear,adjustable attenuation within the coated region via translation, afilter with a rectangular reduction in step coating providing adjustableattenuation in steps within the coated region via translation, a roundfilter providing linear, adjustable attenuation within the coated regionvia rotation or a round filter providing linear attenuation in stepswithin the coated region via rotation of the filter.

A third red laser source emitting a third beam in the third waveband canbe provided, said third red laser source having a third laser driver,said third beam being combined to the first beam and converted beam bythe beam combiner.

The wavelength conversion element can emit light with

-   -   a centroid wavelength<560 nm and/or    -   GRTZC<16%.

Hence, the wavelength conversion element can emit light with a greencontent>65% and <75%, optionally <80%. Light emitted from the wavelengthconversion element can have

-   -   a green content>65%, wherein the green content is defined as a        portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from the        wavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband,        wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm,    -   and a Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as

${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$

is smaller than 16%.

The first or third waveband is usually wider than the waveband of anyindividual laser source. The fourth waveband can be the same as thefirst waveband whereas as the fifth waveband can be different.

Blue or bluish light from the wavelength conversion element can be addedin the waveband 480-500 nm. The blue laser can emit light in thewaveband 440-470 nm wavelength.

A red content of the light beam is preferably <30% and optionally >20%,the percentage values relating to relative energy contributions of theconverted light from the wavelength conversion element in a certainwavelength range compared to the whole light spectrum from thewavelength conversion element which is taken as 100%.

A green content is a portion of light spectrum of the light emitted fromthe wavelength conversion element that goes into the second waveband.

The second waveband can be in the range 495-575 nm.

The GRTZC refers to light that desaturates colors and makes the colorgamut smaller.

A red content in a light beam is the relative portion of the wavelengthconversion element spectrum that goes into the third waveband.

The third waveband (the red band) has light from the red laser, and anadded amount of red or reddish light from the wavelength conversionelement for de-speckling. An upper limit of the red or reddish light isreached if the color point of red moves to a smaller color gamut. Thered or reddish light can be orange light in the range 595-620 nm.

The Blue light content+Green light content+Red light content amounts to100% for the light from the wavelength conversion element. Thewavelength conversion element is preferably a phosphor as phosphors havea high power rating. The phosphor can be of the type YAG:Ce, when ayellow phosphor is required. The phosphor can be of the type LUAG:Ce,when a green phosphor is required.

The wavelength conversion element can comprises quantum dots for lowpower applications.

An optical monitoring unit can be provided for measuring the relativeintensity of the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam,e.g. with a sensor. Hence, the optical monitoring unit can comprise atleast one light sensor. The light sensor is a multiband sensorconfigured to measure the intensity of wavelengths comprised in thefirst, second and third wavebands. The multiband senor can be configuredto detect a or any difference in the light spectrum between a laserlight and a converted beam. The optical monitoring unit can receivelight by means of a foldable minor placed in the optical path of thewhite beam, such that approximately 0.5% of the light is reflected tothe light sensor. The light sensor can be at least one of a photodiodesensor, photoresistor, organic photoreceptor, spectrometer,photo-amplifiers, CCD-or CMOS sensors.

The projection system can further comprise a processing unit configuredto communicate with the optical monitoring unit. A processing unit caninclude a processing engine such as a microprocessor or an FPGA.

The foldable minor can be configured to be retracted in and out from thewhite beam. The foldable mirror can be mounted on an actuator controlledby the processing unit.

The light projection system is preferably implemented as a 3-chipprojector architecture.

The processing unit can be configured to communicate with the opticalmonitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity of first, secondand third wavelength bands of a white beam, said processing unit furtherconfigured to calculate a change in the drive levels of at least one ofthe first to third laser beams and the drive levels of the at least onevariable waveband reduction filter according to the relative intensityof the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam to adjust awhite point shift, and the first to third laser drivers beingindependently controlled so as to adjust the light intensity of each ofa first and second blue laser sources independently of the lightintensity of a red laser source.

The optical monitoring unit can be adapted to monitor differentcontributions in any, some or all wavebands. The optical monitoring unitcan be adapted to monitor both the laser light and the wavelengthconversion element light contribution in the blue waveband.

A variable blue and red reduction filter can be provided to reach morecontrol. The variable blue and red reduction filter can further reducethe reddish and blueish light from the wavelength conversion elementgoing into the red and blue channel. The blue and red reduction filtercan comprise an actuator such that the amount of blue and red lighttransmitted by said filter can be adjusted by moving the position ofsaid filter.

Each laser source can comprise an array of individual lasers, theintensity of each individual laser being controlled by its laser driverand wherein each laser is configured to be pulsed by its associatedlaser driver.

Beam homogenization optics can be provided. Despeckling means can beprovided.

In another aspect the present invention provides an optical assembly fora light projection system for generating an image with three primarycolors, in particular, blue, green, and red, each primary color beingrespectively defined by a first, second and third wavebands, the systemhaving a first blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourthwaveband, said first blue laser source having a first laser driver, anda second blue laser source emitting a second beam having a centralwavelength and a fifth waveband, said second blue laser source having asecond laser driver,

The optical assembly comprising

-   -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the        second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in an        optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;

characterized in that the projection system further comprises at leastone variable waveband reduction filter mounted on an actuator andprovided in the optical path of the white beam, and wherein a movementof said variable waveband reduction filter between a first and a secondposition results in a change of the transmitted waveband of the whitebeam from a first to a second transmitted intensity, such as to adjust aprojector white point.

In yet another aspect the present invention provides a method forgenerating an image with a light projection system with three primarycolors, in particular, blue, green, and red, each primary color beingrespectively defined by a first, second and third waveband, the methodcomprising

-   -   generating laser light from a first blue laser source emitting a        first beam of the fourth waveband, said first blue laser source        having a first laser driver,    -   generating laser light from a second blue laser source emitting        a second beam having a central wavelength and a waveband, said        second blue laser source having a second laser driver,    -   generating converted light from a substrate having a wavelength        conversion element for emitting light at a plurality of        wavelengths after absorption of a light beam at an excitation        wavelength within the waveband of the second blue laser source,        said substrate being positioned in an optical path of said        second beam such that light transmitted through or reflected        from the wavelength conversion element results in emission of a        converted beam having a waveband comprising at least the second        and third wavebands,    -   combining the combined first and the converted beam, which        combination results in a white beam;    -   wherein the method further comprises the steps of    -   moving at least one variable waveband reduction filter mounted        on an actuator and provided in the optical path of the white        beam, and wherein the movement of said variable waveband        reduction filter between a first and a second position results        in a change of the transmitted waveband of the white beam from a        first to a second transmitted intensity, such as to adjust a        projector white point.

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical subassemblyfor a projector designed to work with a red laser and a phosphor sourcewith the advantage of reducing or minimizing the losses. Embodiments ofthe present invention reduce or minimize the losses of light which occurif a yellow phosphor is used for example. These losses can happen atdifferent stages in the optical path such as in the Philips prism, dueto electronic correction, due to a notch filter and/or any combinationor all of these. Similar problems can occur with other color splittingand recombination engines for 3-chip projectors, DLP or also LCOS orLCD, for instance with a color splitting dichroic minors and arecombination X-cube.

Embodiments of the present invention provide the advantage of a smaller,more compact, less expensive projector with a lower need for cooling,specifically for a wide-gamut colour performance. Embodiments of thepresent invention are specifically suited for a specific standardizedwhite color point such as a DCI white colour point.

An advantage of embodiments of the present invention is to match thecolor performance of the projection system to a color gamut target asgiven by DCI or larger with low or minimal light losses.

Embodiments of the present invention are particularly advantageous whenimplemented as a 3-chip projector architecture with a continuous whitelight illuminator, i.e. one illuminator per projector, but a combinationof 2 or more is included within the scope of the present invention.

In a first aspect the present invention provides a light projectionsystem for generating an image with three primary colors, in particular,blue, green, and red, each primary color being respectively defined by afirst, second and third wavebands, said light projection systemcomprising

-   -   a first blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourth        waveband, said first blue laser source having a first laser        driver,    -   a second blue laser source emitting a second beam having a        central wavelength and a fifth waveband, said second blue laser        source having a second laser driver,    -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the        second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in an        optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;    -   characterized in that the projection system further comprises an        optical monitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity of        the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam.

The optical monitoring unit receives values from at least one lightsensor. The monitoring unit has several advantages such as to assist insetting and adjusting white point, compensating for ageing etc.

The light sensor is preferably a multiband sensor or a plurality ofsensors for different wavebands, the sensor being configured to measurethe intensity of wavelengths comprised in the first, second and thirdwavebands. The multiband senor is preferably configured to detect a orany difference in the light spectrum between a laser light and aconverted beam.

The optical monitoring unit can receive light by means of a foldablemirror placed in the optical path of the white beam, such thatapproximately 0.5% of the light is reflected to the light sensor. Thelow level of light lost is an advantage. The light sensor can be atleast one of a photodiode sensor, photoresistor, organic photoreceptor,spectrometer, photo-amplifiers, CCD-or CMOS sensors.

The projection system preferably comprises a processing unit configuredto communicate with the optical monitoring unit. The processing unit hasa processing engine such as a microprocessor or a FPGA and hence is ableto arithmetic calculations.

Preferably, the foldable mirror is configured to be retracted in and outfrom the white beam, and preferably the foldable minor is mounted on anactuator controlled by the processing unit.

The wavelength conversion element emits light at

-   -   a centroid wavelength<560 nm and/or    -   a GRTZC <16%.

Hence, light emitted from the wavelength conversion element can have agreen content>65% such as <75%, optionally <80%. Light emitted from thewavelength conversion element can have:

-   -   a green content>65%, wherein the green content is defined as a        portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from the        wavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband,        wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm,    -   and a Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as

${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$

-   -   is smaller than 16%.

It can be advantageous to have a third red laser source emitting a thirdbeam in the third waveband, said third red laser source having a thirdlaser driver as this gives more control over the color gamut.

The present invention is very suitable for a 3-chip projectorarchitecture.

The first or third waveband is wider than the waveband of any individuallaser source as the lasers have a narrow bandwidth.

Blue or bluish light can be emitted from the wavelength conversionelement in the waveband 480-500 nm, and the blue laser can be in thewaveband 440-470 nm wavelength.

A red content is preferably <30% and optionally >20%, the percentagevalues relating to relative energy contributions of the converted lightfrom the wavelength conversion element in a certain wavelength rangecompared to the whole light spectrum from the wavelength conversionelement which is taken as 100%. A green content is a portion of lightspectrum of the light emitted from the wavelength conversion elementthat goes into the green waveband.

The third, green waveband can be in the range 495-575 nm.

The GRTZC refers to light that desaturates colors and makes the colorgamut smaller.

A red content in a light beam is the relative portion of the wavelengthconversion element spectrum that goes into the red waveband. The redwaveband has light from the red laser, and an added amount of red orreddish light from the wavelength conversion element for de-speckling,an upper limit of the reddish light being reached if the color point ofred moves to a smaller color gamut.

The red or reddish light can be orange light in the range 595-620 nm.

The Blue light content+Green light content+Red light content amounts to100% of the light from the wavelength conversion element.

A notch filter can be provided for reducing light intensity ofwavelengths in the waveband 570-600 nm. The notch filter (370) can beselected to reduce light intensity in the range 10-15% or 10 to 20%.

At least one variable waveband reduction filter mounted on an actuatorcan be provided in the optical path of the white beam, and wherein amovement of said variable waveband reduction filter between a first anda second position results in a change of the transmitted waveband of thewhite beam from a first to a second transmitted intensity, such as toadjust a projector white point.

The variable waveband reduction filter can be a first waveband reductionfilter, a second waveband reduction filter or a third waveband reductionfilter, such that it is configured to change the intensity ofwavelengths comprised in the first, second or third wavebandsrespectively.

The or any notch filter and the variable waveband reduction filter canbe combined in a combined variable filter.

A first side of the variable filter can be coated with a narrow bandnotch filter and a second side of the filter can be coated with avariable waveband reduction filter.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can be configured toreduce the intensity of wavelengths comprised in the range 510-570 nm.

The actuator can be controlled by the processing unit. The actuator cancomprise a rotation stage for rotating the variable second wavebandreduction filter around the optical axis or at least one translationstage for moving said variable second waveband reduction filter in adirection perpendicular to the optical axis.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can comprise a coatingprovided with a pattern with an increased density of green-reducingpatterns, the direction of density increase being adapted to thedirection of movement of the actuator such that the intensity of thesecond green spectral band can be adjusted.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can comprise at least oneof a rectangular continuous green reduction coating providing linear,adjustable attenuation within the coated region via translation, afilter with a rectangular reduction in step coating providing adjustableattenuation in steps within the coated region via translation, a roundfilter providing linear, adjustable attenuation within the coated regionvia rotation or a round filter providing linear attenuation in stepswithin the coated region via rotation of the filter.

The wavelength conversion element is a phosphor as phosphors have a highpower rating, e.g. can work at 50 W/mm². For example the phosphor can beof the type YAG:Ce for a yellow phosphor. Alternatively, the phosphorcan be of the type LUAG:Ce for a green phosphor. For lower powerratings, for example, Quantum Dots can be used for the wavelengthconversion element.

The processing unit is preferably configured to communicate with theoptical monitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity of first,second and third wavelength bands of a white beam, said processing unitfurther configured to calculate a change in the drive levels of at leastone of the first to third laser beams and the drive levels of the atleast one variable waveband reduction filter according to the relativeintensity of the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam toadjust a white point shift, and the first to third laser drivers beingindependently controlled so as to adjust the light intensity of each ofa first and second blue laser sources independently of the lightintensity of a red laser source.

The optical monitoring unit is preferably adapted to monitor differentcontributions in any, some or all wavebands. The optical monitoring unitcan be adapted to monitor both the laser light and the wavelengthconversion element light contribution in the blue waveband.

A variable blue and red reduction filter can provide yet furtheradaptability. The variable blue and red reduction filter further reducesthe reddish and blueish light from the wavelength conversion elementgoing into the red and blue channel. The blue and red reduction filtercan comprise an actuator such that the amount of blue and red lighttransmitted by said filter can be adjusted by moving the position ofsaid filter.

Each laser source comprises an array of individual lasers, the intensityof each individual laser being controlled by its laser driver andwherein each laser is configured to be pulsed by its associated laserdriver.

Beam homogenization optics can be provided as can despeckling means.

The present invention also provides an optical assembly for a lightprojection system for generating an image with three primary colors, inparticular, blue, green, and red, each primary color being respectivelydefined by a first, second and third wavebands, the optical assembly foruse with a first blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourthwaveband, said first blue laser source having a first laser driver, asecond blue laser source emitting a second beam having a centralwavelength and a fifth waveband, said second blue laser source having asecond laser driver, said assembly comprising,

-   -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within the fifth waveband of        the second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in        an optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;    -   characterized in that the optical assembly further comprises an        optical monitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity of        the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam.

Laser light from a third red laser source can be provided to emit athird beam of the third waveband, said third red laser source having athird laser driver.

The present invention provides of a method for generating an image witha light projection system with three primary colors, in particular,blue, green, and red, each primary color being respectively defined by afirst, second and third waveband, the method comprising

-   -   generating laser light from a first blue laser source emitting a        first beam of a fourth waveband, said first blue laser source        having a first laser driver,    -   generating laser light from a second blue laser source emitting        a second beam having a central wavelength and a fifth waveband,        said second blue laser source having a second laser driver,    -   generating a converted light beam from a substrate having a        wavelength conversion element emitting light at a plurality of        wavelengths after absorption of a light beam at an excitation        wavelength within the fifth waveband of the second blue laser        source, said substrate being positioned in an optical path of        said second beam such that light transmitted through or        reflected from the wavelength conversion element results in        emission of a converted beam having a waveband comprising at        least the second and third wavebands,    -   combining the combined first and third beam, and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;    -   characterized by measuring the relative intensity of the first,        second and third wavebands of the white beam.

Laser light can be generated from a third red laser source emitting athird beam of the third waveband, said third red laser source having athird laser driver.

Any of the laser sources can be multiple individual lasers combinedtogether and they and they can be driven by groups of laser drivers sothat, for example each laser driver can drive a several laser.

The second blue laser source can be a UV or a near-UV laser source and,hence, be in the UV or near-UV wavelength ranges. This laser light isconverted by the wavelength conversion element, so the specificwavelength range of the excitation light is not so important. Bluelasers of 440-470 nm wavelength are an economical choice at present.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 presents a comparison between the REC709 colour gamut and the DCIcolour gamut.

FIG. 2 presents a known optical spectrum of a white illumination sourceconsisting of direct blue lasers and yellow phosphor.

FIG. 3 shows the effect of a Philips prism.

FIG. 4 shows schematically the effect of an additional filtering in thegreen-red transition interval done with a notch filter.

FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment according to the present invention ofoptical subassemblies and a light source integrated in a projector.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment according to the present invention ofoptical subassemblies and a light source integrated in a projector.

FIG. 7 shows a comparison between the optical spectrum of a typicalgreen phosphor used in embodiments of the present invention as shown inFIGS. 5 and 6 and a typical yellow phosphor.

FIG. 8 shows the spectral characteristics of a typical yellow phosphorand a typical green phosphor in the 575-600 nm interval in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows the spectrum for a system 1) (blue lasers+yellowphosphor+red lasers).

FIG. 10 shows the spectrum for a system 2) (blue lasers+greenphosphor+red lasers) in

accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows DCI color gamut and REC709 colour gamut in the colorspace, and respective primary colors tolerance boxes wherein the gamutof the green phosphor with blue and red laser is in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 shows the green primary color waveband generated by green andyellow phosphors whereby the green phosphor spectrum is in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 shows the light spectrum of light emitted by the yellow andgreen phosphor in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 14 shows the red primary color waveband generated by yellow andgreen phosphor in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 15 shows the spectrum of the white beam in the projector upstreambefore entering the imager.

FIG. 16 shows a known system with beam-étendue based method for use withembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 17 shows the addition of a sensor and controller which providedfeedback control of the drivers to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 18 shows an example of the sensitivity ranges of the multi-bandsensor as described with reference to FIG. 17 in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 19a to 19e illustrate different embodiments of a variable wavebandreduction filter.

FIG. 20 shows the transmission of a green variable reduction filtercombined with a notch in accordance with embodiments of the presentinvention

DEFINITIONS

In this description, a distinction is made between the primary colors ofa standard color gamut like REC 709 and a wider color gamut like DCI.DCI is only one example of a wider color gamut however. The embodimentsof the present invention can be used for other wide color gamuts, forinstance for a new and changed DCI color gamut, or in another example tocolor gamuts that move closer to Rec 2020, which is in itself apparentlyunreachable in its strict definition because it requires monochromaticprimaries only possible with only lasers in every primary color at thismoment.

In a projection system, the definition of a primary color is complex asit depends where the primary color is defined in the optical path, i.e.in each color channel, at the level of the light modulator devices,upstream of the light modulator devices, or at the output of theprojector. It is very often that in projection systems the three primarycolors are red, green and blue.

In optical terms, a primary color is defined as “One color element ofthree colors, in an additive imaging system, which can be combined invarious proportions to produce any other color.” Each primary color isfurther determined e.g. according to a standard, for example DCIstandard, by a waveband range.

It is important to note that a primary color is also defined in astandard via its color coordinates. A certain waveband and a certainspectral distribution inside this waveband may create a certain set ofcolor coordinates that is equal to the one defined in a standard. Forinstance the set can include two color coordinates like (x,y), thatdetermine the color point.

However, different solutions exist with differences in waveband andspectral distributions that can create the same color coordinatessometime called “metamerism”.

White point is defined as, in additive imaging systems, as “the color(or chromaticity coordinates and luminance) that is produced when thesystem is sent the maximum RGB code values that it can accept”, asdefined in Color and Mastering for Digital Cinema by Glenn Kennel, 2006,ISBN-10: 0240808746. Further, the text book specifies that “DCIspecifications and SMPTE Standard for Screen Luminance and Chromaticity,the white point is defined as having chromaticity coordinates [0.3140.351]. However, this definition of white point is optional, and furtherthe definition used depends on the standard followed.

The definition of white point depends on the application. Therefore, wedistinguish the projector white point (or native white point), and thetarget white point. We define projector white point (native white point)as the white point when all three color channels provide their maximumlevel. The target white point is the standard the projector shouldreach.

The white point shifts as the drift of the projector white point withtime or with dimming of the illumination levels.

In a similar manner, we define target primary colors as the primarycolors defined by the standard, i.e. DCI standard, and the projectorprimary colors (or native primary colors) as the primary colors providedto each color channel or light modulator device. Native primary colorstherefore have no electronic correction.

It is clear that the projector primary color define the projector whitepoint, however, the target primary colors do not necessarily define thetarget white point.A spectral centroid is a measure used in digitalsignal processing to characterise a spectrum. It indicates where the“center of mass” of the spectrum is.

It is calculated as the weighted mean of the frequencies present in thesignal, determined using a Fourier transform, with their magnitudes asthe weights. Centroid wavelength is different than the peak wavelength,especially as phosphor spectra are often asymmetric around the peak witha longer tail in higher wavelengths.

The centroid is more useful than the peak as the green waveband channeltakes a certain broad interval of the phosphor spectrum, so the realized“dominant wavelength”, determining the relevant color point i.e. forDCI-compliance, should be more linked to the centroid wavelength than tothe peak wavelength.

The centroid of a phosphor spectrum is accurate to predict how colorpoint would move on a CIE color diagram and if it exceeds i.e. the DCIpoint. And in general, green phosphors are better than this than yellowphosphors because of the lower centroid wavelength.

The following terms, “Central Wavelength” or “Center Wavelength (CWL)”is the midpoint between the wavelengths where transmittance is 50% ofthe specified minimum transmission, referred to as the Full Width atHalf Maximum (FWHM).

A “wavelength conversion element” receives light from a light sourcesuch as a blue laser and emits light at different wavelengths. Suchelements can be made with a phosphor, with quantum dots, or fluorescentdyes. Quantum dots plates/films can sustain around 5 W/cm² laser powerillumination.

The term “phosphor” used throughout the description refers to aphosphorescent material used as a wavelength conversion element.

Quantum Dots are preferably cooled, e.g. by a fluid such as air or aliquid. Quantum dots can emit in a substantially smaller band thanphosphors. This enables 3D projectors, for example. For example, one canuse “6P” small band quantum dots, e.g. with 100% green content”. Howevereven with such Quantum Dots it can be important to set or adjust whitepoint and to use a multiband sensor with a monitoring and controllerand/or processing unit.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a laser+wavelengthconvertor being phosphor or something else with the condition that theemitting spectrum of the wavelength convertor is the same as the onespecify in the patent.

Color Tuning in embodiments of the present invention involves removingexcess green light which is generated by a blue laser and yellowphosphor illuminator before that light goes into the engine, for bettercooling, and less loss of contrast ratio and bit levels. A yellow notchfilter can be needed to make a white color gamut like DCI color gamut.

Green wavelength conversion elements such as based on a phosphor,provided an illuminator immediately with a wide color gamut like DCI andwith a balanced white point like the DCI white point by foreseeing thecorrect laser powers. This has the same advantages as the Color Tuningwith the addition that it is more efficient.

Extension of both these concepts to multichannel projectors provides anadvantage that illuminator alignment of the white point for instance,can be performed.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention aim to match the color performanceof a projection system to a color gamut target as given by DCI or largerwith low or minimal light losses.

In one embodiment, a laser phosphor light source is proposed for a3-chip projector consisting of, or comprising:

-   -   One or more direct blue lasers    -   One or more blue lasers including optionally UV or ultra UV        laser to excite a green wavelength conversion element such as a        green phosphor    -   One or more optional direct red lasers    -   One or more beam combiners to combine the different color        contributions to a white light beam that is provided to an        imaging engine.    -   Optionally at least one primary moveable waveband reduction        filter, preferably blue or red.

In another embodiment according to the present invention, a laserphosphor is proposed for a 3-chip projector, comprising of

-   -   One or more direct blue lasers    -   One or more blue lasers including optionally UV or ultra UV        laser to excite a wavelength conversion element such as phosphor        for generating a light beam having a waveband conversion element        which includes at least one primary color, such as a yellow        phosphor    -   Optionally one or more direct red lasers    -   One or more beam combiners to combine the different color        contributions to a white light beam that is provided to an        imaging engine    -   Optionally, at least one primary moveable color waveband        reduction filter, in particular green, blue or red.

This second embodiment will be described after the description of thefirst embodiment.

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate two embodiments according to the presentinvention of optical subassemblies and a light source integrated in aprojector, using dichroic minor components as beam combiners in theillumination source whereby other examples of similar arrangements canbe understood by the skilled person.

FIG. 5 shows drivers 2, 4, 6 provided for a blue laser 3, a blue laser5, and red laser 7 respectively. Any laser can be made of a group oflasers of which the beams are combined into one exit beam. The bluelaser 2 emits light 2′ in the wavelength range 440 to 470 nm incident ona wavelength conversion element 8, either in transmission (not shown) orreflection. For the wavelength conversion element excitation, this rangecan be extended to include UV-wavelength ranges. The red laser can emitin the range 630 to 650 nm although longer wavelengths are alsosuitable. Optionally, collection optics 9 are provided for collectingthe emitted wavelength conversion element light, e.g. phosphor light.The wavelength conversion element 8 can be a green phosphor as describedbelow. The wave converted light beam 2″ emitted from the wavelengthconversion element 8 is directed, e.g. by means of dichroic mirrors 10and 11 to homogenization optics 12 which serves to create a uniformrectangular white beam with a certain half cone angle that is imaged onthe one or more light valves in the imager engine. Examples ofhomogenization optics are sets of fly-eye lenses, or also lightrods.Blue laser 5 and red laser 7 emit beams 5′ and 7′ which are directed todespeckling optics 13 via a dichroic mirror 30. The combined beams 5′and 7′ are directed to the homogenization optics 12, e.g. via dichroicmirror 11. The output of the homogenization optics 12 is a white beam 14which is incident upon an imaging engine including a TIR prism andPhilips prism structure, 16 for example, which splits the white lightinto three primary colours such as red green and blue beams which areeach incident upon a light valve 18 a, 18 b, 18C such as a DMD.Reflected light from the DMD's which is modulated in accordance with animage such as a video is reformed by the TIR prism and Philips prismstructure 16 to form the projection beam 19 which is directed through aprojection lens 20.

FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment having drivers 2, 4, 6 provided for ablue laser 3, a blue laser 5, and red laser 7 respectively. The redlaser can emit in the range 630 to 650 nm although longer wavelengthsare also suitable. The blue laser 2 emits light 2′ in the wavelengthrange 440-470 nm incident on a wavelength conversion element 8, eitherin transmission (not shown) or reflection. For the wavelength conversionelement excitation this range can be extended to include UV-wavelengthranges. Optionally collection optics 9 are provided for collecting theemitted wavelength conversion element light, e.g. phosphor light. Thewavelength conversion element 8 can be a green phosphor as describedbelow. The wave converted light beam 2″ emitted from the wavelengthconversion element 8 is directed, e.g. by means of dichroic mirrors 9and 11 to homogenization optics 12 which serves to create a uniformrectangular white beam with a certain half cone angle that is imaged onthe one or more light valves in the imager engine. Examples ofhomogenization optics are sets of fly-eye lenses, or also light rods.Blue laser 5 in the wavelength range 440 to 470 nm and red laser 7 inthe wavelength range 630 to 650 nm emit beams 5′ and 7′ which aredirected to despeckling optics 13 via a dichroic mirror 9. The combinedbeams 5′ and 7′ are directed to the homogenization optics 12, e.g. viadichroic mirror 11. The output of the homogenization optics 12 is awhite beam 14 which is incident upon an imaging engine including a TIRprism and Philips prism structure, 16 for example, which splits thewhite light into three primary colours such as red green and blue beamswhich are each incident upon a light valve 18 a, 18 b, 18 c such as aDMD. Reflected light from the DMD's which is modulated in accordancewith an image such as a video is reformed by the TIR prism and Philipsprism structure 16 to form the projection beam 19 which is directedthrough a projection lens 20.

Note that in FIGS. 5 and 6 there is no additional notch filter shown inor in the neighborhood of the imaging engine, because it is one of thepurposes of embodiments this invention to minimize the losses byavoiding the presence of a notch filter in case of DCI compliance. Anotch filter may however be used in some embodiments although lesspreferred.

In case of even wider color gamut requirements however, the additionalnotch filter can still be introduced, for instance at the entrance ofthe TIR and Philips prism structure, however again with lower filteringlosses than for the prior art case.

The first step of which can be used with any of the embodiments of thepresent invention such as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is to use a phosphorwith a specific spectrum, different to the so-called yellow phosphorspectrum, like from a YAG:Ce phosphor, in combination with direct bluelasers and direct red lasers in order to reduce the light losses tominimum. The spectral power distribution of the light emitted by thephosphor under 440-470 nm excitation from the blue laser 2 of FIG. 5 or6 has a peak wavelength shifted to lower wavelengths in comparison withwhat is typically named “yellow phosphor” and was described with respectto the prior art. As it has the peak wavelength shifted to lowerwavelengths this type of phosphor will be named a “green phosphor”.

A suitable “green phosphor” for reducing or minimizing losses inembodiments of the present invention such as an illumination system asdescribed above with respect to FIG. 5 or 6, has to accomplish thefollowing conditions with regard to its spectrum:

-   -   Centroid wavelength<560 nm and/or    -   Green content>65% and/or    -   GRTZC<16%

Light emitted from the wavelength conversion element can have:

-   -   a green content>65%, wherein the green content is defined as a        portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from the        wavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband,        wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm,    -   and a Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as

${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$

-   -   is smaller than 16%.

The first waveband can be—optionally—wider than the waveband of anyindividual laser source. Moreover, embodiments of the present inventionallow adding bluish light from a wavelength conversion element such as aphosphor or quantum dots which allows a wider waveband. Such a wavebandcan be 480-500 nm for example. A number of laser wavelengths can becombined when an array of lasers is used. Secondly, cyanish phosphorlight 480-500 nm can be added.

Examples of suitable green phosphors meeting the requirements describedhere above comprise:

-   -   LuAG:Ce type phosphors such as:    -   the Lu3Al5O12:Ce from the paper below:

-   http://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/7897011/The_Future_of_Lighting.html

The article has the following references: DOI: 10.1002/chemv.201500033,Author: Jörg Meyer, Frank Tappe, Nico Schmidt, Published Date: 5 mai2015, Copyright: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

-   -   The GNYAG3557 from Intematix portfolio

-   http://www.intematix.com/uploads/Phosphor%20Family%20Sheets/NYAGSingleSheet.pdf

The following three tables show various phosphors from Intematix NYAGPhosphor Product Line from the webpage cited here above as of thepriority date.

Large particle NYAGs for high power LEDs

TABLE 1 Peak Wavelength Color Point Particle Size Product λ (nm) CIExCIEy D50 V (mm) NYAG4056-01-13 542 0.403 0.559 13.5 NYAG4156-L 543 0.4000.560 11 NYAG4255-01-13 545 0.418 0.554 13 NYAG4355-L 551 0.426 0.54813.5 NYAG4354 554 0.433 0.543 13 NYAG4454-L 558 0.444 0.536 13.5NYAG4454-EL 560 0.448 0.533 14 NYAG4653-L 563 0.458 0.526 12.5NYAG4752-L 566 0.465 0.521 13

Small particle NYAGs for small packages or conformal deposition

TABLE 2 Peak Wavelength Color Point Particle Size Product λ (nm) CIExCIEy D50 V (mm) NYAG3757-01-08 538 0.368 0.567 8 NYAG4156-S 544 0.4030.558 8 NYAG4255-01-B08 545 0.417 0.554 8.5 NYAG4355-01-B08 550 0.4260.548 8.5 NYAG4355-ES 551 0.425 0.548 6 NYAG4454-03-B08 558 0.444 0.5368.5 NYAG4653-S 562 0.458 0.526 8

Green NYAG for 80 CRI Lighting

TABLE 3 Peak Wavelength Color Point Particle Size Product λ (nm) CIExCIEy D50 V (mm) GNYAG3557-01-11 526 0.345 0.569 11 GNYAG3657-01-11 5310.361 0.568 11 GNYAG3757-01-11 534 0.371 0.566 11 GNYAG3856-01-13 5380.380 0.564 13 GNYAG3956-01-11 540 0.394 0.562 11 GNYAG4056-01-11 5430.403 0.558 11

The second blue laser source can also be in the UV or near-UV wavelengthranges. This laser light is converted by the wavelength conversionelement, so the specific wavelength range of the excitation light is notso important. Blue lasers of 440-470 nm wavelength are an economicalchoice at present.

The red content is preferably <30% and optionally >20%.

The percentage values relate to relative energy contributions of thephosphor converted light in a certain wavelength range compared to thewhole phosphor light spectrum which is taken as 100%.

The green content is the part of the wavelength conversion element lightspectrum, e.g. phosphor or quantum dots light spectrum for use in thegreen waveband, hence this is preferably a significant percentage suchas >65%. A larger amount means a higher light output at the end. Thegreen waveband is optionally 495-575 nm as an example. This light isprimarily intended to be modulated by the light valve in the green colorchannel.

GRTZC is the “Green-Red Transition Zone Content”, which is light of awavelength range of which a lot of losses occur in the Philips prismand/or any additional notch filter. This light does not belong very wellto neither the green nor red waveband because it typically desaturatesthe colors and makes the color gamut smaller. Embodiments of the presentinvention use a green wavelength conversion element such as a greenphosphor or green quantum dots in such a way that there is less amountof this kind of light than for the prior art yellow phosphor.

Red Content is the relative portion of the wavelength conversion elementspectrum such as a green phosphor or green quantum dots of light thatgoes into the red waveband. The red waveband is mostly served by thedirect red lasers, and it is preferred to add an amount of reddish lightfrom the wavelength conversion element such as a phosphor or quantumdots for de-speckling reasons. An upper limit of this type of reddishlight occurs if the color point of red moves to a too small color gamut,e.g. if it is mainly orange light around 600 nm. Hence it is preferredif the red content is kept within such an upper limit. A suitable lowerlimit would be de-speckle related but may be of minor relevance when ared laser de-speckling process is used. Hence the >20% condition isoptional.

It should be observed that Blue Content +Green Content+Red Contentamounts to 100% for the wavelength conversion element such as a phosphoror quantum dots used.

Accordingly, the spectrum of the wavelength conversion element has lightmainly in the green channel, and preferably only a small fraction goesto red and blue channels for limited color tuning and laserde-speckling.

Additionally, especially when the beam combining in the illuminationengine is performed using a dichroic mirror based system (as shown inthe embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 6 above), it is also beneficially to addthe following criterion:

-   -   Red content<30%

Where the parameters used to describe the green phosphor are defined as:

-   -   Centroid wavelength is the wavelength that divides the integral        of a spectrum (S(λ) being the spectral power distribution) into        two equal parts according to the following formula:

$\lambda_{c} = \frac{\int_{\lambda \; 1}^{\lambda \; 2}{\lambda \; {S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{\lambda \; 1}^{\lambda \; 2}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}$

-   -   Green content is defined as

${{Green}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{495\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}$

-   -   Red content is defined as

${{Red}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}$

-   -   Blue content is defined as

${{Blue}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{495\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}$

-   -   Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC) is defined as

${{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}$

In above descriptions, S(λ) represent the spectrum of the wavelengthconverted light from the wavelength conversion elements such as aphosphor, which is integrated within the specified boundaries in theintegrals above. Note that the spectral integration intervals as notedon the integral boundary values are 575-600 nm for GRTZC.

The wavelength intervals used in the previous formulas are based ontypical half wavelength values for dichroic coatings in the Philipsprism.

Peak wavelength is the wavelength at the maximum intensity of thespectrum. This most often used as a parameter in phosphor data sheetsbecause it is very easy to be determined from the spectral powerdistribution. However it has little significance for practical purposesbecause two phosphors with exactly the same peak wavelength might havecompletely different color perception. It is preferred to use centroidwavelength and blue, green and red content in order to describe moreprecisely the spectral characteristics of a phosphor.

A comparison between the optical spectrum of a typical green phosphorand a typical yellow phosphor used in embodiments of the presentinvention having 3-chip laser-phosphor illumination system such as shownin FIGS. 5 and 6 is shown in FIG. 7.

The difference between the green phosphor spectrum and the yellowphosphor spectrum need not be very large (e.g. a 19 nm shift in peakwavelength and centroid wavelength but this difference can be bigger orsmaller depending on the exact phosphors to be compared). However thisdifference influences significantly the projector performance as will bedescribed in detail below.

Embodiments of the present invention can provide reduced brightnesslosses when using a specific green phosphor in combination with directblue lasers and direct red lasers.

The improvements are appearing at different levels in the projectiondesign: e.g. less dichroic losses in the Philips prism or similardichroic system used to separate the white light into the threeprimaries.

A typical difference of Angle Of Incidence (AOI) on the Philips prismcoatings, for incoming and outgoing light, used specifically in 3-chipDLP projector engines, generates “a dip” around 490-500 nm (less visibleon FIG. 3) and a more prominent one around 575-600 nm (see FIG. 3). Theexact position and shape of the dip depends of course on the coatingdesign and this might influence the end value of the brightnessimprovement using embodiments of the present invention but the generalconclusion remains the same.

The spectral characteristics of a typical yellow phosphor and a typicalgreen phosphor in the 575-600 nm interval are shown in FIG. 8, theinterval being indicated by two vertical lines. These lines are also theboundary conditions in the integral above for the GRTZC. The greenphosphor will perform better because it has lower energy relatively tothe yellow spectrum in that specific wavelength interval. Therefore, thelosses will be lower, mainly because the Philips prism possesses a dipin the region shown by the two vertical lines which is shown in FIG. 8and the green phosphor is shifted towards lower wavelengths from thatspecific wavelength band.

This observation becomes even clearer if the optical spectrum at threedifferent positions is evaluated for:

System 1): blue lasers+yellow phosphor+red lasers (see FIG. 9)

System 2): blue lasers+green phosphor+red lasers (embodiments of thepresent invention, see FIG. 10):

-   -   Position 1—this is the phosphor spectrum without any filtering        as captured just after the wavelength conversion took place;    -   Position 2—this is the spectrum after the color beam combination        dichroic in the illumination part whereby this performance and        energy losses could vary somewhat depending on the beam        combination method used in the design—dichroic based or étendue        based as explained below.    -   Position 3—measured after the projection lens and this shows the        effect of the Phillips prism

By performing power and brightness measurements at different positions,a typical value can be obtained, expressing that on average a systemusing a yellow phosphor is approximately 9% less bright than a systemusing a green phosphor in accordance with embodiments of the presentinvention, due to dichroic losses in the prism alone.

Less Losses Due to the Notch Filter

By measuring the color points of the primaries for both systems 1) and2) additional problems and sources of losses for the yellow phosphorsystems are revealed.

System 2) using the green phosphor plus direct blue and red lasers canbe made very close to absolute DCI compliance. First of all, with regardto the color gamut made from the color primaries by applying theillumination to the Philips prism with appropriate coatings, and withoutusing any additional notch filter. Secondly, with regard to the whitepoint, by using the appropriate power levels of the 3 types of lasersources as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, without any usage—or minimum usageonly—of color correction via the imagers.

Comparative system 1) using the yellow phosphor is not DCI compliant,especially with regard to the green primary color. A notch filter willbe necessary in order to bring the color points of some of the primarieslike mainly the green primary in the corresponding DCI tolerance boxes.DCI tolerance boxes denote variations to, for instance, the primarycolors so that they are still “within specification”. With the prior artyellow phosphor solution and no notch filter applied, the green primarytypically falls outside the green tolerance box. This is shown in FIGS.11 and 12.

And as mentioned before such an extra notch filter, as necessary in aconfiguration based on a yellow spectrum, is typically responsible foran additional 18% decrease in brightness.

Less Losses in a Dichroic System to Combine the Directed Lasers With theRed Light From the Phosphor

In a red assisted laser phosphor light source additional red lasers orred LEDs are used in order to improve the red to white ratio, and towiden the red color primary in the achievable color gamut.

Different methods of combining the red light from the red lasers withthe red component from the yellow phosphor can be used: &endue, andwavelength based systems are most common. Also polarization-basedcombination is possible but this requires special measures to theoptical design and this is less common. The same methods can be usedwith embodiments of the present invention which use the green phosphor.

When the wavelength-based recombination method is used, a part of thelight from the phosphor is used because it has the same wavelength asthe direct lasers.

In FIG. 13 an example is the case of a single 635 nm wavelength.

Less light has to be filtered in the case of the green phosphor(embodiments of the present invention) in order to make room for theaddition of direct red lasers. For the case of the two different(“yellow” and “green”) phosphors used in these calculations the gain inbrightness is approximately 9% again in favor of the green phosphor usedin embodiments of the present invention.

In the case of the wavelength recombination for red lasers-red lightfrom the phosphor it is preferred to add additional restriction on thespectra characteristic of the green phosphor in a sense that the Redcontent is preferably lower than 30%.

Improvements Due to Higher Efficiency of the Green Phosphor

Theoretically a green phosphor will have a higher conversion efficiencydue to lower Stokes shift when compared to a yellow phosphor. This meansthat the same excitation level by blue lasers on green or yellowphosphors will create a higher power level of converted light in case ofthe green phosphor, which is then moreover more utilized in the greenchannel (higher Green content), and less wasted in the Green-redtransition filtering that happens in the imaging engine (Point 1 and 2above), and less loss in the red channel when the additional red laserlight is added via a dichroic (wavelength based) method (point 3 above).

Counting together the three types of improvement presented above, theembodiments of this invention using a green phosphor excited by bluelasers, with additional blue lasers and red lasers will be approximately32% more efficient in the use of the phosphor light than the same systemusing a yellow phosphor as shown in table 4:

TABLE 4 Total 32% Losses due to the dichroic used to make  9% room forthe red laser addition Losses due to the notch filter: 18% Losses in theprism:  9%

Embodiments With Additional Improvements

In the first embodiments of the present invention the characteristics ofthe green phosphor allows to reduce or minimize the losses in a redassisted configuration. For the second step of the invention embodimentswith additional constraints are described that may bring additionalimprovements:

1. Minimum Blue Content>1.5%

If 445 or 455 nm lasers are used for the direct blue laser path insteadof the more expensive 465 nm lasers it is advantageous to have a smallpart of the phosphor light leaking into the blue channel. The blueprimary obtained with direct 445-455 nm lasers is not DCI compliant.However, adding cyan light for the phosphor in the correct amount willbring the blue color point in the DCI tolerance box. This isaccomplished in the system using the described green phosphor.

Typically, with yellow phosphors there is less cyan light available asthe spectrum is shifted to higher wavelengths as seen on FIG. 13.

2. Minimum Red Content>20%

In the first embodiments of the present invention described above, whenwavelength recombination is used for adding the direct red lasers to thered light from the green it is advantageous to have a small red content(e.g. smaller than 30%). However, for de-speckling reasons it ispreferred to have as much red contribution from the phosphor aspossible, as this is providing a totally speckle free contribution.Therefore, in embodiments of the present invention the red contentminimum target is set to 20%. Hence, a preferred range is 20 to 30%.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a 3-chip projectorarchitecture using phosphor light from a green phosphor (e.g. withspecific spectral properties) and combine it with additional blue andred laser light in such a way that the projector has a higher lightoutput efficiency in the case of wider color gamut applications likeDCI.

For adding the red laser light and the fraction of phosphor light thatgoes to the imager in the red channel of the imaging module, there are 2conceptually different methods.

-   -   Dichroic based combination    -   Beam-étendue based combination.

The dichroic-based combination method when used in the embodiments shownin FIG. 5 or 6 uses typically a dichroic minor to combine the laserlight and the phosphor light. This means for instance, like seen onminor 11 in FIG. 5 or 6, that the red laser light which is typicallyhaving a higher wavelength is transmitted towards the imaging engine,and the lower wavelengths of the phosphor light are reflected towardsthe imaging engine.

This combination method includes some losses in the transitionalwavelengths, and due to the higher contribution of the small-band laserwavelength, it is preferred to place the transitioning wavelength range(between reflection and transmission of the light) at a bit lower thanthe laser wavelength, with a result that the higher wavelengthcontributions of the phosphor light are lost. See FIG. 15.

The beam-étendue based method is known from US2013/0100644, see FIG. 16.US2013/0100644 is included by reference in its entirety.

US2013/0100644 discloses an excitation light source, a supplementallight source, a light combination device, a light collection device, alight reflection device, a wavelength conversion device, a reflectionsubstrate and a light homogenization device. The excitation light andthe supplemental light are combined by the light combination device,then the combined light is incident to the light collection device.After being collected and relayed by the light collection device, thecombined light is incident onto the wavelength conversion device. Thewavelength conversion device absorbs the incident excitation light andconverts it to a converted light whose wavelength is different from thatof the excitation light. The converted light generated by the wavelengthconversion device is isotropic, so a part of the converted light willpropagate in the opposite direction to the excitation light while otherpart of the converted light will propagate in the forward direction.Meanwhile, a part of the excitation light which is transmitted throughthe wavelength conversion device will be reflected by the reflectionsubstrate located on the side of the wavelength conversion device facingaway from the excitation light source. The incident supplemental lightis further scattered by the wavelength conversion device. A part of thescattered supplemental light is reflected directly by the wavelengthconversion device and propagates towards the light reflection device,while other part of the scattered supplemental light passes through thewavelength conversion device and is reflected by the reflectionsubstrate back to the wavelength conversion device and passes throughit. Most of the converted light and most of the supplemental light arecollected and directed to the light homogenization device forhomogenization.

In this case, the light collection optics is made that captures thereflected light converted by the phosphor from a first laser sourceexciting the phosphor, and the reflected from the additional lasersource of another color. There are no losses from a wavelength point ofview. The spectrum of the red laser will be superimposed to the spectrumof the phosphor light, without a transition zone and spectral dip forwavelengths slightly smaller than the red laser wavelength.

However, in this case there will be still some geometrically basedlosses from the reflected laser light that can travel back into theentrance aperture in this system, even if the additional idea of areflecting filter for the phosphor light is added as described inUS2013/0194551. The beam-étendue based combination system suffers fromthe geometrical losses formed by the entrance opening in the collectionoptics, and is, hence, in general less efficient for this function.

The idea of using the green phosphor with its specific spectralcharacteristics will not be affected by this combination method, withregard to the following aspects:

-   -   The amount of yellow light that is lost in the Philips prism        and/or additional notch filter.    -   The lower dominant wavelength of the light that arrives in the        green channel of the 3-chip imager.    -   The amount of cyan light from the green phosphor.

Use of a green phosphor instead of a yellow phosphor is advantageous forthe case when using the dichroic-based combination method, and where theamount of far red phosphor converted light lost will be lower in thecase of the green phosphor instead of the yellow phosphor.

However, as will be described further in a second embodiment, theembodiments according to the present invention are not limited to agreen phosphor.

Second Embodiment

In accordance with a second embodiment according to the presentinvention, the wavelength conversion element 8 shown in FIG. 5 or inFIG. 6 can be a yellow phosphor, in which case the light emitted by theconversion element has a spectrum similar to state of the artprojectors, as the one illustrated in FIG. 3.

The yellow phosphor is responsible for the generation of the primary redand green, however, with an excess of green and intermediate wavelengthslocated between the primary green and red, leading to a desaturation ofprimary colors as described previously. However, an importantdistinction with respect to prior art projectors pertains to the use oftwo independent lasers for the generation of the blue primary color andfor exciting the wavelength conversion element, thereby increasing thenumber of degrees of freedom for controlling the white point of theprojector.

As the red primary color is provided by the wavelength conversionelement, the red laser becomes optional. It can be used to increase thered contribution or it can be removed in which case the red primarycolor will only be provided by means of the wavelength conversionelement.

Assuming the red laser is not used, in this second embodiment accordingto the present invention, the excess of the green waveband cannot bereduced independently of the red waveband. It is thereby desirable toprovide further means to reduce the contribution of the green wavebandindependently of the red. Such means can be provided by a variable greenwaveband reduction filter.

Reducing the contribution of any waveband responsible for the generationof a primary color whose contribution is in excess before entering thecorresponding light modulator presents the advantage of reducing theheating, and thereby losses, generated by said light modulator but alsoof improving the contrast ratio and the bit depth for the primary colorcorresponding to the light modulator.

However, such means are not incompatible with the use of the red laser,as the variable waveband reduction filter provides additional degrees offreedom for regulating the white point.

Blue laser 3 and blue laser 5 can emit light in a waveband of [380, 495]nm. Note that towards the shorter wavelengths of the range, the humaneye sees the blue as violet. As the blue laser 5 produces light that isused for the blue primary color (or the blue waveband of the imagingmodule), this light source determines the visual perception of “blueimages”, in practice only a small waveband interval is suited, around465 nm, for instance laser wavelengths of 450 to 470 nm. Below 450 nm,the blue becomes very violet.

The blue laser 5 is dedicated for the excitation of the wavelengthconversion element. Theoretically, this excitation may be induced by anywavelength that excites the phosphor (as given by the phosphorabsorption spectrum), so i.e. the mentioned 380 to 495 nm interval.However, the skilled person will appreciate that lasers for exciting thephosphor are not limited the waveband corresponding to blue light, andlasers with wavelengths lower than 380 nm, i.e. UV lasers, are alsosuitable for exciting the phosphor.

In preferred embodiments, each light source has a full width at halfmaximum (FWHM) of approximately 5 nm.

For example, the laser 5 can emit a light beam 5′ having a centralwavelength of 465 nm, with a waveband of +/−5 nm, and the laser Scanemit a light beam having a central wavelength of 445 nm, with a wavebandof +/−5 nm.

Each laser source can comprise an array of lasers. In an embodiment ofthe present invention, the laser 5 comprises an array of 16 lasers andthe laser 3 comprises an array of 48 lasers. Each laser can be a laserdiode. Laser arrays commonly use a single laser diode type and providemultiple laser beams.

The wavelength conversion element 8, after absorption of a light beam atan excitation wavelength, emits a light beam, by transmission orreflection, whose wavelengths band is altered with respect to thewavelength of the absorbed light beam.

Wavelength conversion element 8 can be a phosphor, which afterabsorption of the blue beam 2′, emits a converted beam which, due to thephosphor emission, comprises green, yellow and red light. The phosphorhas converted the blue emission of the second light beam centered on the445 nm wavelength to light emitted in the waveband of 500 nm to 700 nmwith a peak at around 570 nm, so that it serves simultaneously forgenerating green light and red light. However, the spectrum also shows alack of red light and an excess of green light and of yellow light.

The excess of yellow light can be removed by means of a notch filter, asfor prior art projectors. The yellow notch filter can attenuate thelight in the narrow waveband 570-600 nm, preferably with a transmissionas low as possible, for example around 10-15%. To the user, the use ofthis filter results in a green which appears less yellowish and a redwhich appears less orange, and therefore, a native white point with lessyellow.

However, light beam exiting said yellow notch filter 370 still exhibitsan excess green light.

To compensate for the ageing of lasers, and/or for the ageing of thewavelength conversion element 8, and advantageously to further reducethe amount of blue and/or green light inherent to the laser phosphorsystem described in the present embodiment, it is an advantage of thepresent invention to provide means to adjust the relative contributionof each waveband in order to generate native primary colors matching asmuch as possible target primary colors. As a result, each native primarycolor fed to the imaging module matches the required set of colorcoordinates for example as defined in the DCI system and thereby matchesthe target white point without losing contrast nor bit depth, even whenthe lasers or other optical components are aging.

Embodiments of the present invention provide solutions to the problemsmentioned above. In accordance with embodiments of the present inventionthe green waveband reduction filter comprises a variable green wavebandreduction filter so as to adjust the amount of green light transmittedthrough said filter. Advantageously, the reduction of the green lightcontributing to the primary green color upstream from the imaging modulehinders the reduction of green light by the corresponding DMD, therebykeeping the movement range of the DMDs to its maximum, and therebymaintaining the bit depth associated to said color channel.

FIGS. 19a to 19e illustrate different embodiments of a variable greenwaveband reduction filter according to embodiments of the presentinvention.

The embodiment of FIG. 19a comprises a green filter coating comprising apattern on one side of the filter with an increased density ofgreen-reducing patterns.

In preferred embodiments, the green light reduction filter comprises anactuator such that the amount of green light transmitted by said filtercan be adjusted by moving the position of said filter. The actuator canbe a rotation stage for rotating the tunable filter or at least onetranslation stage for moving the tunable filter in a directionperpendicular to the optical axis. The coating pattern advantageouslycomprises a pattern with an increased density of green-reducingpatterns, the direction of density increase being adapted to thedirection of movement of the mechanical actuator such that the intensityof the green spectral band can be adjusted. In preferred embodiments,the actuator can be driven by a controller.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention combine the variablegreen reduction filter with the yellow notch filter. An example of sucha filter comprises the green pattern coating on one side, and thecoating of the yellow notch filter on the other side. As a consequence,the projection system may only restrict the yellow light from enteringthe imaging module or further adjust the amount of green light, as afunction of the performance of the system (ageing of the lasers,phosphor, wavelength conversion element 8) and the desired opticaloutput.

Other embodiments of variable green waveband reduction filters areillustrated in FIG. 19 b to 19 e. FIG. 19b shows a filter with arectangular continuous green reduction coating which provides linear,adjustable attenuation within the coated region via translation, FIG.19c shows a filter with a rectangular reduction in step coating whichprovides adjustable attenuation in steps within the coated region viatranslation, FIG. 19d shows a round filter which provides linear,adjustable attenuation within the coated region via rotation and FIG.19e shows a round filter which provides linear attenuation in stepswithin the coated region via rotation of the filter. The filters shownin FIG. 19 can advantageously be combined with the yellow notch filterto reduce the amount of optical elements in the projection system.

FIG. 20 shows the effect of a movement of a variable green wavebandreduction filter according to embodiments of the present invention onthe transmission provided by the filter.

Other embodiments can comprise a filter wheel with a plurality of greenwaveband reduction filters, each with a different transmission, forexample 8 filters with transmissions of respectively 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,70, 80, 90% for the green waveband. The green waveband reduction filtercan be associated with the yellow notch filter, as discussed here above.The variable green waveband reduction filter can reduce wavebands in therange 510-570 nm, and wherein the reduction factor is as constant aspossible over this spectral range.

A consequence of the new filtering characteristic according to thepresent invention, which comprises a combination of the yellow notchfilter and the green waveband intensity reduction filter is a reductionof the green excess light in the illumination going towards the imagingmodule 380, thereby improving the final contrast, bit depth, and whitepoint achievable.

A variable waveband reduction filter as shown in FIG. 19 can be adaptedto any waveband which requires dimming upstream of the DMDs. Inparticular, a variable red or blue waveband reduction filter can beimplemented in the optical path of the white beam or to further reducethe reddish and blueish light from the wavelength conversion element(i.e. In these embodiments, the variable blue and red reduction filterare similar to the variable green reduction filter shown in FIGS. 19a toe. The variable blue reduction filter can reduce the intensity ofwavelengths in the blue wavelength range and the variable red reductionfilter can reduce the intensity of wavelengths in the red wavelengthrange, and wherein the reduction factor is as constant as possible overthis spectral range. As for the variable green reduction filter, theactuator is preferably driven by a controller.

Sensing Device

Embodiments of the present invention can make use of an externalmultiband sensor or an integrated sensor. An external sensor detects alevel of illumination of emitted from the projection lens, An externalor internal sensor detects a level of illumination of the imaging partof the projector or light emitted from the projection lens respectively,and the sensor values are fed back to a monitoring and/or directly to aprocessing unit of the controller. A new driving level is chosen fordriving the illumination component(s) in accordance with the sensedvalues so that the light level is controlled, i.e. a higher drivinglevel so that the light output loss is compensated, e.g. as described inUS 2011/304659 for lamp based projectors.

In the case of an illumination system in accordance with embodiments ofthe present invention, a color sensor can be added that makes itpossible to control of the light level, with maintenance of the whitepoint and the color points. For this, the color sensor is preferablyequipped with multi-band sensing possibilities. An embodiment of thepresent invention and an example of the location of a multiband sensor,and an example of the sensitivity ranges of the multi-band sensor aredescribed with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. FIG. 17 shows the additionof a sensor 22 and controller 24 which provided feedback control of thedrivers 2, 4, 6, and where applicable to the driver of the actuator of avariable waveband reduction filter (not shown) to the embodiment shownin FIG. 5. The same sensor 22 and controller 24 can be added in exactlythe same way to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 and is included as anembodiment of the present invention.

The light sensor or sensors can be at least one of a photodiode sensor,photoresistor, organic photoreceptor, spectrometers, photo-amplifiers,CCD-or CMOS sensors.

The controller 24 takes the feedback from the multiple band sensing ofthe color sensor 22, and from that derives the correct driving levelsfor the drivers 2, 4, 6 of the different laser sources 3, 5, 7respectively, and the driver of the variable waveband reduction filter,when applicable, so that the desired brightness level is reached for theprojector at a certain desired (and stabile) white point. And on asecond level this approach can also be used to correct for anydifference of the individual primary color points from the projector,for instance—to give an example—to compensate for a changing ratio ofred laser light and red light from the phosphor, which would affect thecolor point of the red primary composed out of the 2 contributions.

The present invention provides an independent invention of a multi-bandcolor sensor for monitoring combinations of phosphor light and laserlight. This independent invention provides a controller that takes thefeedback from multiple band sensing of a color sensor or color sensors,and from that derives the correct driving levels for at least one driverof one or more laser sources, and when applicable the correct drivinglevel of a variable waveband reduction filter so that a desiredbrightness level is reached at a certain desired (and stabile) whitepoint. This embodiment can be used to correct for any difference ofindividual primary color points, for instance, to compensate for achanging ratio of red laser light and red light from a phosphor, whichwould affect the color point of the red primary composed out of two redcontributions. This embodiment can also comprise a processing unit ofthe controller configured to communicate with a multiband opticalmonitoring unit adapted for measuring the relative intensity of first,second and third wavelength bands of a white beam, said processing unitof the controller further calculating a change in the drive levels ofthe first to third laser beams and the drive positions of the variablewaveband reduction filter when applicable according to the relativeintensity of the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam toadjust a white point shift, and the first to third laser drivers areindependently controlled so as to adjust the light intensity of each ofa first and second blue laser sources independently of the lightintensity of a red laser source.

In other embodiments, the multiband sensors can be placed on the screen,and periodically measure a small area any of the projected image (forexample on the projection screen of a movie theatre).

In embodiments of the present invention, the multiband sensor can beembedded inside the projector system, a variable blue and red reductionfilter can be used to further reduce the reddish and therebyperiodically calibrate the primary color control means. Periodically canbe at system start up or shut down, during projection, during periodiccalibrations of the system, for example before each projection, or on amonthly basis etc. Calibration can also be performed before aprojection, with a predefined test pattern. The multiband sensor canpreferably receive light from the light beam by a foldable mirrorpositioned in the optical path. The foldable mirror is configured toreceive for example, 0.5% of the light beam. Hence, 99.5% of lightremains transmitted to the imaging module. The loss of light isnegligible compared to the gain provided. The system can be adapted tomove the foldable minor into and out of the light beam.

Laser Embodiments

In the presently described embodiments of the present invention, lightsources 320, 330 are advantageously laser light sources, comprising anarray of lasers. An advantage provided by laser light sources is that alaser provides a collimated light beam with a small &endue. However, theinvention is not limited to laser light sources, and can also compriseLED light sources or superluminescent diodes.

For laser sources that provide direct illumination for a certainwaveband of light in the imaging module, without any wavelengthconversion element (i.e. specific wavelength ranges) going into the redand blue channel, for better color tuning. In these embodiments, theblue and red reduction filter comprises an actuator such that the amountof blue and red light transmitted by said filter can be adjusted bymoving the position of said filter. The actuator can be a rotation stagefor rotating the tunable filter or at least one translation stage formoving the tunable filter in a direction perpendicular to the opticalaxis of the projector system. The filter can include a coating pattern.The pattern can have an increased density of blue and red reducingpatterns, the direction of density increase being adapted to thedirection of movement of the mechanical actuator such that the intensityof blue and red light can be adjusted in the optical path, it may bebeneficial to add despeckling means to reduce speckles in the finalimage on screen (in that primary color). Such despeckling techniques maycomprise polarization diversity, wavelength diversity, spatial andangular diversity, whose advantages provide a reduction of speckles inthe projected image.

As the multiband sensor preferably measures at least the relativeintensity of the wavebands corresponding to the primary colors of theprojection system, a full spectral measurement can be useful whendrastic changes in the spectrum occur, as such changes can have a severeimpact on the white point even regardless of a change in radiance orgeneral intensity of the beam. In such particular cases, a recalibrationof the system with a spectrograph can be beneficial for a white pointreset.

The various laser drivers and variable waveband reduction driversprovide new degrees of freedom within the color space, and thereforewider color gamuts within the color space can be provided by the primarycolor control means described in the present patent application. Asthere is a tendency now to move to wider color gamut also for otherapplications (in extremum the Rec 2020 gamut), the invention describedcan also have an application for such Wide Color Gamut activities moregenerically than DCI.

There is a need to calibrate three projectors for use at the same time,e.g. in accordance with the Barco Escape™ film platform. In accordancewith embodiments of the present invention a processing unit can beconnected to the three or more projectors via cable (e.g. USB) or by awireless connection. The processing unit is preferably connected to amonitoring unit which itself is connected to a multiband sensor for eachprojector. The monitoring unit and/or the processing unit can beintegrated in a projector or can be a stand-alone device. Hence, threeor more (N) projectors can be provided with a monitoring unit insideeach projector and a multiband sensor placed in front of the projectionlens or integrated inside the projector.

The processing unit can initiate a series of test images and record theresults from sensors placed in front of the projector lens. For internalsensors test patterns are not required, the sensors being placed in theillumination beam, and it is preferred to work with “relative values”i.e. with differences between the factory set values (only an initialcalibration in the factory involving an external color meter isrequired) and the actual values rather than working with absolutevalues. The initial measurement results for the sensors are used in thefactory alignment with the target color performance on screen, and theseinitial measurement results can be stored in a projector, a localprocessing engine such as a laptop or remotely.

A variable waveband-reduction filter can be positioned in the opticalpath to reduce light in the blue imager waveband and in the red imagerwaveband respectively, without affecting the respective lasercontributions. In this way, the color points of blue and red can betuned between the laser point and the color point of the mix of laserlight and light from the wavelength conversion means e.g. phosphorlight.

Although electronic correction system have been developed to set colorprimaries and white point electronically, with embodiments of thepresent invention electronic correction is avoided or reduced. This canbe done by color tuning with for example with methods and assemblieshaving a green phosphor. White color balancing can be adjusted manuallyon the processing unit by controlling laser drivers and adjustableintensity filters where present as well as a variable or moveablewaveband reduction filter. This is a significant improvement over priorart devices.

Color gamut data, color coordinates and relative luminance values can beobtained by this monitoring method and can be stored in the projectorsthemselves in the processing unit or elsewhere e.g. on a server in alocal area or wide area network such as the Internet. Such values can bemeasured in the factory using test patterns and good color meters, andstored in the projectors.

For an alignment in an installation in the field, the common desiredcolor gamut and white point can be set by looking at the data. Anapplication can be run on a computer, PDA, smartphone etc. which readsout the stored gamut values, optionally via a network link and the bestinscribed gamut and white point are found. Or a data link may be betweenthe projectors and a server via the network where the calculations aredone in the server. This can be advantageous because such a server canhave powerful microprocessors. The stored values can be updated to takeinto account ageing effects using the multiband sensors and testpatterns can be used again.

A processing unit with a processing engine such as one or moremicroprocessors inside the projector, local to the projector or remotelylocated can carry out the above alignment procedure automatically. Thiscan be achieved by communication between a number of projectors,exchanging of sensor values and setting status, e.g. which can becomenecessary if one of the settings becomes no longer achievable. Ifnecessary a downgrading of the targets could be performed for instance.

A similar calibration procedure can be made when a plurality ofprojectors are used to with overlapping of the projected images at joinpositions. In the overlapped zone electronic blending can be used.However, if the projectors emit different colours the blended regionscan become visible. This can be disturbing for planetariums, simulatorsor other Virtual Reality applications. For simulation, e.g. used fortraining there are several types of multi-channel systems which can makeuse of embodiments of the present invention, like multifaceted displays,Collimated displays, Reality Centers, CAVEs', . . . The lattermultiprojector applications do not need to achieve a cinema standardsuch as DCI hence the color gamut size can be less relevant than colormatching.

Barco Escape™ is a multiprojector set-up for cinemas, for instancehaving a centre screen and two side screens. For best performance andacceptance the projectors should comply with the Digital Cinemaspecifications, for instance to the DCI color gamut. The embodimentsusing a green wavelength conversion element such as a green phosphor areefficient for DCI or other similar wide color gamuts.

The images are on different three screens at different angles, so it isassumed that the main disturbance of the matching between the imageswould be the different color point, more than if there would be somevariations in brightness. The embodiments of the present invention canbe applied to Escape™ in that the three projector system can be colormatched with DCI color gamut compliance.

For a projector with a green wavelength conversion element according toembodiments of the present invention and no addition of a variablewaveband reduction filter, three different adjustment settings s_(i) perprojector of N projectors: the direct blue laser power level, the bluelaser power level for the excitation of the wavelength conversionelement such as a phosphor, and the power level of the red lasers. Forthe multiple projectors all the settings s_(i,j) of setting type i andprojector j are set so that all of the projected white points are set tothe common white point which is the DCI target point. For instance,assuming the projectors have aged differently, the intensity ratios ofthe intensity when aged to initial value I_(aged)/I_(init) should bemade equal for all sub-wavebands of all projectors, taking an overallmaximum target value for this ratio so that none of the settings s_(i,j)of any of the projectors surpasses the maximum value for that setting(i.e. is kept only equal or lower).

Another way of operation of a DCI compliant system is to only aim for acertain light output which is lower than maximum possible by theprojector, for instance to strictly comply to the DCI luminance spec onthe screen. In that case the settings s_(i) will need to be adjusteduntil also that initial illumination level is obtained. Also, the whitepoint can be partially adjusted via the illumination level and thesettings s_(i), and partially via electronic correction. A low or loweramount of electronic correction but can be tolerated for someapplications.

For embodiments with a waveband reduction filter, the same settingss_(i,j) can be adjusted to fix the projectors to the white point(without electronic correction). As such, as far as the lasercontribution versus the contribution from the wavelength conversionelement such as from a phosphor both in red and blue have becomedifferent, the extra capability to control and set the wavebandreduction filters can be used to reduce the phosphor tail contributionsas well, so that the color gamut can be greater again, while for whitethis can be compensated by increasing the laser contribution again.

3D projection can be achieved using embodiments of the presentinvention. Firstly red lasers and blue lasers of different and notoverlapping wavelengths can be used for the left and right eye. In oneoptical channel, such as the right eye channel green Quantum Dots can beused and for the other eye a yellow Quantum Dots, each exited by laserlight. The viewing glasses are provided with a filter that would filterbetween left and right eye optical signals emitted from the projector.

Alternatively, a projector can include red and blue laser with differentwavelengths for the left and right eye. The light from the yellow orgreen wavelength conversion element such as phosphor can be polarised indifferent directions. The viewer wears glasses that filter the relevantright or left eye wavelengths and in the case of green colours, theglasses have the correct polarity to receive the modulated green light.

In an independent aspect of the present invention (which can also becombined with any other embodiment) a light projection system isdescribed for generating an image with three primary colors, inparticular, blue, green, and red, each primary color being respectivelydefined by a first, second and third wavebands, said light projectionsystem comprising

-   -   a first blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourth        waveband, said first blue laser source having a first laser        driver,    -   a second blue laser source emitting a second beam having a        central wavelength and a fifth waveband, said second blue laser        source having a second laser driver,    -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the        second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in an        optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;    -   characterized in that the projection system further comprises an        optical monitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity of        the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam.

In such a light projection system the optical monitoring unit cancomprise at least one light sensor.

In such Light projection system the light sensor can be a multibandsensor configured to measure the intensity of wavelengths comprised inthe first, second and third wavebands.

The multiband senor can be configured to detect a or any difference inthe light spectrum between a laser light and a converted beam.

The light sensor can be at least one of a photodiode sensor,photoresistor, organic photoreceptor, spectrometer, photo-amplifiers,CCD-or CMOS sensors.

The projection system can further comprise a processing unit configuredto communicate with the optical monitoring unit.

In such a light projection system the optical monitoring unit canreceive light by means of a foldable minor placed in the optical path ofthe white beam, such that approximately 0.5% of the light is reflectedto the light sensor. The foldable mirror can be configured to beretracted in and out from the white beam. The foldable mirror can bemounted on an actuator controlled by the processing unit.

The wavelength conversion element can emit converted light at, forexample:

-   -   a centroid wavelength<560 nm and/or    -   a GRTZC<16%.

Hence, the wavelength conversion element can, for example, emit light ata green content>65%, the green content can be optionally <75%,optionally <80%.

For example, light emitted from the wavelength conversion element canhave:

-   -   a green content>65%, wherein the green content is defined as a        portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from the        wavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband,        wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm,    -   and a Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as

${{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}$

-   -   is smaller than 16%.

A third red laser source can be provided emitting a third beam in thethird waveband, said third red laser source having a third laser driver.

Such a light projection system can be implemented as a 3-chip projectorarchitecture.

The first or third waveband can be wider than the waveband of anyindividual laser source.

Bluish light from the wavelength conversion element can be added in thewaveband 480-500 nm.

The blue laser can emit light in the waveband 440-470 nm wavelength.

In such a light projection system a red content is preferably <30% andoptionally >20%, the percentage values relating to relative energycontributions of the converted light from the wavelength conversionelement in a certain wavelength range compared to the whole lightspectrum from the wavelength conversion element which is taken as 100%.

In such a system, a green content is a portion of light spectrum of thelight emitted from the wavelength conversion element that goes into thegreen waveband. For example the green waveband can be in the range495-575 nm.

GRTZC refers for example, to light that desaturates colors and makes thecolor gamut smaller.

In such a system, a red content in a light beam can be the relativeportion of the wavelength conversion element spectrum that goes into thered waveband. The red waveband can have light from a red laser, and anadded amount of red light from the wavelength conversion element forde-speckling and optionally to increase the green light in the lightfrom the wavelength conversion element. An upper limit of the reddishlight is reached if the color point of red moves to a smaller colorgamut. The reddish light can be orange light in the range 595-620 nm.

The Blue light content+Green light content+Red light content is to beunderstood to amount to 100% for the light from the wavelengthconversion element.

A notch filter can be provided for reducing light intensity ofwavelengths in the waveband 570-600 nm. However filtering wastes lightand is less preferred. The notch filter can be configured to reducelight intensity in the range 10-15% or 10 to 20%.

In such a light projection system at least one variable wavebandreduction filter can be provided mounted on an actuator and provided inthe optical path of the white beam, and wherein a movement of saidvariable waveband reduction filter between a first and a second positionresults in a change of the transmitted waveband of the white beam from afirst to a second transmitted intensity, such as to adjust a projectorwhite point.

The variable waveband reduction filter can be a first waveband reductionfilter, a second waveband reduction filter or a third waveband reductionfilter, such that it is configured to change the intensity ofwavelengths comprised in the first, second or third wavebandsrespectively. The notch filter and the variable waveband reductionfilter can be combined in a same variable filter. A first side of thevariable filter can be coated with a narrow band notch filter and asecond side of the filter can be coated with a variable wavebandreduction filter. The variable second waveband reduction filter can beconfigured to reduce the intensity of wavelengths comprised in the range510-570 nm.

The actuator can be controlled by the processing unit. For example, theactuator can comprise a rotation stage for rotating the variable secondwaveband reduction filter around the optical axis or at least onetranslation stage for moving said variable second waveband reductionfilter in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. The variablesecond waveband reduction filter can comprise a coating provided with apattern with an increased density of green-reducing patterns, thedirection of density increase being adapted to the direction of movementof the actuator such that the intensity of the second green spectralband can be adjusted. The variable second waveband reduction filter cancomprise at least one of a rectangular continuous green reductioncoating providing linear, adjustable attenuation within the coatedregion via translation, a filter with a rectangular reduction in stepcoating providing adjustable attenuation in steps within the coatedregion via translation, a round filter providing linear, adjustableattenuation within the coated region via rotation or a round filterproviding linear attenuation in steps within the coated region viarotation of the filter.

In such a light projection system the wavelength conversion element canbe a phosphorescent material (“phosphor”). The phosphor can be of thetype YAG:Ce for example. Or the phosphor can be of the type LUAG:Ce. Thewavelength conversion element can comprise quantum dots.

In the system the processing unit can be configured to communicate withthe optical monitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity offirst, second and third wavelength bands of a white beam, saidprocessing unit further configured to calculate a change in the drivelevels of at least one of the first to third laser beams and the drivelevels of the at least one variable waveband reduction filter accordingto the relative intensity of the first, second and third wavebands ofthe white beam to adjust a white point shift, and the first to thirdlaser drivers being independently controlled so as to adjust the lightintensity of each of a first and second blue laser sources independentlyof the light intensity of a red laser source. The optical monitoringunit can be adapted to monitor different contributions in any, some orall wavebands. The optical monitoring unit can be adapted to monitorboth the laser light and the wavelength conversion element lightcontribution in the blue waveband.

In such a light projection system a variable blue and red reductionfilter can be provided. The variable blue and red reduction filter canfurther reduce the reddish (red) and blueish (blue) light from thewavelength conversion element going into the red and blue channel. Theblue and red reduction filter can comprise an actuator such that theamount of blue and red light transmitted by said filter can be adjustedby moving the position of said filter.

In such a light projection system, each laser source can comprise anarray of individual lasers, the intensity of each individual laser beingcontrolled by its laser driver and wherein each laser is configured tobe pulsed by its associated laser driver. Further beam homogenizationoptics can be provided and/or despeckling means.

An independent aspect of the present invention (which can be combinedwith any embodiment) is an optical assembly for a light projectionsystem for generating an image with three primary colors, in particular,blue, green, and red, each primary color being respectively defined by afirst, second and third wavebands, the optical assembly for use with afirst blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourth waveband, saidfirst blue laser source 2 0 having a first laser driver, a second bluelaser source emitting a second beam having a central wavelength and afifth waveband, said second blue laser source having a second laserdriver, said assembly comprising

a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting light ata plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light beam at anexcitation wavelength within the fifth waveband of the second blue lasersource, said substrate being positioned in an optical path of saidsecond beam such that light transmitted through or reflected from thewavelength conversion element results in emission of a converted beamhaving a waveband comprising at least the second and third wavebands,

a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted beam,which combination results in a white beam;

-   -   characterized in that the optical assembly further comprises an        optical monitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity of        the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam.

Such an optical assembly can include generating laser light from a thirdred laser source emitting a third beam of the third waveband, said thirdred laser source having a third laser driver.

An independent aspect of the present invention (which can be combinedwith any embodiment) is a method for generating an image with a lightprojection system with three primary colors, in particular, blue, green,and red, each primary color being respectively defined by a first,second and third waveband, the method comprising

-   -   generating laser light from a first blue laser source emitting a        first beam of a fourth waveband, said first blue laser source        having a first laser driver,    -   generating laser light from a second blue laser source emitting        a second beam having a central wavelength and a fifth waveband,        said second blue laser source having a second laser driver,    -   generating a converted light beam from a substrate having a        wavelength conversion element emitting light at a plurality of        wavelengths after absorption of a light beam at an excitation        wavelength within the fifth waveband of the second blue laser        source, said substrate being positioned in an optical path of        said second beam such that light transmitted through or        reflected from the wavelength conversion element results in        emission of a converted beam having a waveband comprising at        least the second and third wavebands,    -   combining the combined first and third beam, and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;    -   characterized by measuring the relative intensity of the first,        second and third wavebands of the white beam.

Such a method can further comprise generating laser light from a thirdred laser source emitting a third beam of the third waveband, said thirdred laser source having a third laser driver.

An independent aspect of the present invention (which can be combinedwith any embodiment) is a light projection system for generating animage with three primary colors, in particular, blue, green, and red,each primary color being respectively defined by a first, second andthird wavebands, said light projection system comprising

-   -   a first blue laser source emitting a first beam in a fourth        waveband, said first blue laser source having a first laser        driver,    -   a second blue laser source emitting a second beam having a        central wavelength and a fifth waveband, said second blue laser        source having a second laser driver,    -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the        second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in an        optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;    -   characterized in that the projection system further comprises at        least one variable waveband reduction filter mounted on an        actuator and provided in the optical path of the white beam, and        wherein a movement of said variable waveband reduction filter        between a first and a second position results in a change of the        transmitted waveband of the white beam from a first to a second        transmitted intensity, such as to adjust a projector white        point.

The variable waveband reduction filter can be a first waveband reductionfilter, a second waveband reduction filter or a third waveband reductionfilter, such that it is configured to change the intensity ofwavelengths comprised in the first, second or third wavebandsrespectively.

A notch filter can be provided for reducing light intensity ofwavelengths in the waveband 570-600 nm. The notch filter can reducelight intensity in the range 10-15% or 10 to 20%. The notch filter andthe variable waveband reduction filter can be combined in a samevariable filter. A first side of the variable filter can be coated witha narrow band notch filter and a second side of the filter can be coatedwith a variable waveband reduction filter.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can be configured toreduce the intensity of wavelengths comprised in the range 510-570 nm.

The actuator is controlled by a processing unit. The actuator cancomprise a rotation stage for rotating the variable second wavebandreduction filter around the optical axis or at least one translationstage for moving said variable second waveband reduction filter in adirection perpendicular to the optical axis.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can comprise a coatingprovided with a pattern with an increased density of green-reducingpatterns, the direction of density increase being adapted to thedirection of movement of the actuator such that the intensity of thesecond green spectral band can be adjusted.

The variable second waveband reduction filter can comprise at least oneof a rectangular continuous green reduction coating providing linear,adjustable attenuation within the coated region via translation, afilter with a rectangular reduction in step coating providing adjustableattenuation in steps within the coated region via translation, a roundfilter providing linear, adjustable attenuation within the coated regionvia rotation or a round filter providing linear attenuation in stepswithin the coated region via rotation of the filter.

A third red laser source can be provided emitting a third beam in thethird waveband, said third red laser source having a third laser driver,said third beam being combined to the first beam and converted beam bythe beam combiner.

The wavelength conversion element can be selected to emit light with

-   -   a centroid wavelength<560 nm and/or    -   GRTZC<16%.

In particular light emitted from the wavelength conversion element canhave

-   -   a green content>65%, wherein the green content is defined as a        portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from the        wavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband,        wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm,    -   and a Green-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as

${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$

-   -   is smaller than 16%.

The green content can be <75%, optionally <80%.

A green content is a portion of light spectrum of the light emitted fromthe wavelength conversion element that goes into the second waveband.The first or third waveband can be wider than the waveband of anyindividual laser source. The second waveband can be in the range 495-575nm. Light in the GRTZC refers to light that desaturates colors and makesthe color gamut smaller.

In such a light projection system bluish light can be added from thewavelength conversion element in the waveband 480-500 nm. On the otherhand the blue laser can be in the waveband 440-470 nm wavelength.

A red content is preferably <30% and optionally >20%, the percentagevalues relating to relative energy contributions of the converted lightfrom the wavelength conversion element in a certain wavelength rangecompared to the whole light spectrum from the wavelength conversionelement which is taken as 100%.

A red content in a light beam is the relative portion of the wavelengthconversion element spectrum that goes into the third waveband. The thirdwaveband can have light from the red laser, and an added amount ofreddish light from the wavelength conversion element for de-speckling.An upper limit of the reddish light can be reached if the color point ofred moves to a smaller color gamut. The reddish light can be orangelight in the range 595-620 nm.

It is to be understood that the Blue light content+Green lightcontent+Red light content amounts to 100% for the light from thewavelength conversion element.

The wavelength conversion element can be a “phosphor”. The phosphor canbe of the type YAG:Ce, or of the type LUAG:Ce. Other possibilities arewithin the scope of the present invention such as the wavelengthconversion element comprising quantum dots.

An optical monitoring unit can be provided for measuring the relativeintensity of the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam.The optical monitoring unit can comprise at least one light sensor. Thelight sensor can be a multiband sensor configured to measure theintensity of wavelengths comprised in the first, second and thirdwavebands. The multiband senor can be configured to detect a or anydifference in the light spectrum between a laser light and a convertedbeam. The light sensor can be at least one of a photodiode sensor,photoresistor, organic photoreceptor, spectrometer, photo-amplifiers,CCD-or CMOS sensors.

The optical monitoring unit can receive light by means of a foldableminor placed in the optical path of the white beam, such thatapproximately 0.5% of the light is reflected to the light sensor. Thefoldable mirror can be configured to be retracted in and out from thewhite

Such a light projection system can be implemented as a 3-chip projectorarchitecture. beam.

The projection system can further comprise a processing unit configuredto communicate with the optical monitoring unit. The foldable mirror canbe mounted on an actuator controlled by the processing unit. Theprocessing unit can be configured to communicate with the opticalmonitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity of first, secondand third wavelength bands of a white beam, said processing unit furtherconfigured to calculate a change in the drive levels of at least one ofthe first to third laser beams and the drive levels of the at least onevariable waveband reduction filter according to the relative intensityof the first, second and third wavebands of the white beam to adjust awhite point shift, and the first to third laser drivers beingindependently controlled so as to adjust the light intensity of each ofa first and second blue laser sources independently of the lightintensity of a red laser source.

The optical monitoring unit can be adapted to monitor differentcontributions in any, some or all wavebands.

The optical monitoring unit can be adapted to monitor both the laserlight and the wavelength conversion element light contribution in theblue waveband.

The light projection system can further comprise a variable blue and redreduction filter. The variable blue and red reduction filter can furtherreduce the reddish and blueish light from the wavelength conversionelement going into the red and blue channel. The blue and red reductionfilter can comprise an actuator such that the amount of blue and redlight transmitted by said filter can be adjusted by moving the positionof said filter.

Each laser source can comprise an array of individual lasers, theintensity of each individual laser being controlled by its laser driverand wherein each laser is configured to be pulsed by its associatedlaser driver.

Such a light projection system can further comprise beam homogenizationoptics and/or despeckling means.

An independent aspect of the present invention (which can be combinedwith any embodiment) is an optical assembly for a light projectionsystem for generating an image with three primary colors, in particular,blue, green, and red, each primary color being respectively defined by afirst, second and third wavebands, the system having a first blue lasersource emitting a first beam in a fourth waveband, said first blue lasersource having a first laser driver, and a second blue laser sourceemitting a second beam having a central wavelength and a fifth waveband,said second blue laser source having a second laser driver, the opticalassembly comprising

-   -   a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emitting        light at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light        beam at an excitation wavelength within a fifth waveband of the        second blue laser source, said substrate being positioned in an        optical path of said second beam such that light transmitted        through or reflected from the wavelength conversion element        results in emission of a converted beam having a waveband        comprising at least the second and third wavebands,    -   a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted        beam, which combination results in a white beam;    -   characterized in that the projection system further comprises at        least one variable waveband reduction filter mounted on an        actuator and provided in the optical path of the white beam, and        wherein a movement of said variable waveband reduction filter        between a first and a second position results in a change of the        transmitted waveband of the white beam from a first to a second        transmitted intensity, such as to adjust a projector white        point.

An independent aspect of the present invention (which can be combinedwith any embodiment) is a method for generating an image with a lightprojection system with three primary colors, in particular, blue, green,and red, each primary color being respectively defined by a first,second and third waveband, the method comprising

-   -   generating laser light from a first blue laser source emitting a        first beam of the fourth waveband, said first blue laser source        having a first laser driver,    -   generating laser light from a second blue laser source emitting        a second beam having a central wavelength and a waveband, said        second blue laser source having a second laser driver,    -   generating converted light from a substrate having a wavelength        conversion element for emitting light at a plurality of        wavelengths after absorption of a light beam at an excitation        wavelength within the waveband of the second blue laser source,        said substrate being positioned in an optical path of said        second beam such that light transmitted through or reflected        from the wavelength conversion element results in emission of a        converted beam having a waveband comprising at least the second        and third wavebands,    -   combining the combined first and the converted beam, which        combination results in a white beam;    -   wherein the method further comprises the steps of    -   moving at least one variable waveband reduction filter mounted        on an actuator and provided in the optical path of the white        beam, and wherein the movement of said variable waveband        reduction filter between a first and a second position results        in a change of the transmitted waveband of the white beam from a        first to a second transmitted intensity, such as to adjust a        projector white point.

1-60. (canceled)
 61. A light projection system for generating an imagewith three primary colors, in particular, blue, green, and red, eachprimary color being respectively defined by a first, second and thirdwavebands, said light projection system comprising: a first blue lasersource emitting a first beam in the fourth waveband, said first bluelaser source having a first laser driver, a second blue laser sourceemitting a second beam having a central wavelength and a fifth waveband,said second blue laser source having a second laser driver, a substratehaving a wavelength conversion element for emitting light at a pluralityof wavelengths after absorption of a light beam at an excitationwavelength within the fifth waveband of the second blue laser source,said substrate being positioned in an optical path of said second beam,a beam combiner for combining the first beam and the converted beam,which combination results in a white beam; wherein the light emitted bythe wavelength conversion element has a green content>65%, wherein thegreen content is defined as a portion of light spectrum of the lightemitted from the wavelength conversion element that goes into the greenwaveband, wherein the green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm, and aGreen-Red transition zone content (GRTZC), defined as${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$is smaller than 16%.
 62. Light projection system according to claim 61,wherein light emitted by the wavelength conversion element is aconverted beam having a waveband comprised in at least the second andthird wavebands.
 63. The light projection system according to claim 61,wherein at least one of the light emitted by the wavelength conversionelement has a centroid wavelength <560 nm, or wherein the blue wavebandis in the range 400-495 nm, or wherein the red waveband is in the range575-800 nm, or 600-800 nm.
 64. The light projection system according toclaim 61, wherein the green content is <75%, or <80%.
 65. The lightprojection system according to claim 61, wherein, at least one of a redcontent is <30%, the red content in a light beam being defined as therelative portion of the wavelength conversion element spectrum that goesinto the third waveband, the percentage values relating to relativeenergy contributions of the converted light from the wavelengthconversion element in a certain wavelength range compared to the wholelight spectrum from the wavelength conversion element which is taken as100% or, a red content is >20%, the red content in a light beam beingdefined as the relative portion of the wavelength conversion elementspectrum that goes into the third waveband, the percentage valuesrelating to relative energy contributions of the converted light fromthe wavelength conversion element in a certain wavelength range comparedto the whole light spectrum from the wavelength conversion element whichis taken as 100%.
 66. The light projection system according to claim 61,further comprising a third red laser source emitting a third beam in thethird waveband, said third red laser source having a third laser driver,and wherein the third waveband preferably has light from the red laser.67. The light projection system according to claim 65, wherein the Bluelight content+Green light content+Red light content amounts to 100% forthe light from the wavelength conversion element.
 68. The lightprojection system according to claim 63, further comprising a notchfilter reducing light intensity of wavelengths in the waveband 570-600nm, and wherein the notch filter preferably reduces light intensity inthe range 10-15% or 10 to 20%.
 69. The light projection system accordingto claim 68 further comprising at least one variable waveband reductionfilter mounted on an actuator and provided in the optical path of thewhite beam, and wherein a movement of said variable waveband reductionfilter between a first and a second position results in a change of thetransmitted waveband of the white beam from a first to a secondtransmitted intensity, such as to adjust a projector white point, orwherein the variable waveband reduction filter is a first wavebandreduction filter, a second waveband reduction filter or a third wavebandreduction filter, such that it is configured to change the intensity ofwavelengths comprised in the first, second or third wavebandsrespectively.
 70. The light projection system according to claim 69,wherein the notch filter and the variable waveband reduction filter arecombined in a same variable filter, wherein preferably a first side ofthe variable filter is coated with a narrow band notch filter and asecond side of the filter is coated with a variable waveband reductionfilter, or wherein the variable second waveband reduction filter ispreferably configured to reduce the intensity of wavelengths comprisedin the range 510-570 nm.
 71. The light projection system according toclaim 70, wherein the actuator is controlled by a processing unit,wherein the actuator preferably comprises a rotation stage for rotatingthe variable second waveband reduction filter around the optical axis orat least one translation stage for moving said variable second wavebandreduction filter in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. 72.The light projection system according to claim 71, wherein the variablesecond waveband reduction filter comprises a coating provided with apattern with an increased density of green-reducing patterns, thedirection of density increase being adapted to the direction of movementof the actuator such that the intensity of the second green spectralband can be adjusted.
 73. The light projection system according to claim61, wherein the wavelength conversion element is at least one of aphosphorescent material, the phosphorescent material being preferably ofthe type YAG:Ce or of the type LUAG:Ce, or comprises quantum dots. 74.The light projection system according to claim 61, further comprising anoptical monitoring unit for measuring the relative intensity of thefirst, second and third wavebands of the white beam.
 75. The lightprojection system according to claim 74, wherein the optical monitoringunit comprises at least one light sensor, wherein the light sensorpreferably is a multiband sensor configured to measure the intensity ofwavelengths comprised in the first, second and third wavebands, whereinthe optical monitoring unit preferably receives light by means of afoldable mirror placed in the optical path of the white beam, such thatapproximately 0.5% of the light is reflected to the light sensor. 76.The light projection system according to claim 75, wherein theprojection system further comprises a processing unit configured tocommunicate with the optical monitoring unit, wherein the foldablemirror is preferably configured to be retracted in and out from thewhite beam, and wherein the foldable mirror is preferably mounted on anactuator controlled by the processing unit.
 77. The light projectionsystem according to claim 76, wherein the processing unit is configuredto communicate with the optical monitoring unit for measuring therelative intensity of first, second and third wavelength bands of awhite beam, said processing unit further being configured to calculate achange in the drive levels of at least one of the first to third laserbeams and the drive levels of the at least one variable wavebandreduction filter according to the relative intensity of the first,second and third wavebands of the white beam to adjust a white pointshift, and the first to third laser drivers being independentlycontrolled so as to adjust the light intensity of each of a first andsecond blue laser sources independently of the light intensity of a redlaser source.
 78. The light projection system according to claim 77,wherein the optical monitoring unit is adapted to monitor differentcontributions in any, some or all wavebands and wherein the opticalmonitoring unit is preferably adapted to monitor both the laser lightand the wavelength conversion element light contribution in the bluewaveband.
 79. The light projection system according to claim 61, furthercomprising a variable blue and red reduction filter, wherein thevariable blue and red reduction filter preferably further reduces thered and blue light from the wavelength conversion element going into thered and blue channel
 80. A method for generating an image with a lightprojection system with three primary colors, in particular, blue, green,and red, each primary color being respectively defined by a first,second and third waveband, the method comprising: generating laser lightfrom a first blue laser source emitting a first beam of the fourthwaveband, said first blue laser source having a first laser driver,generating laser light from a second blue laser source emitting a secondbeam having a central wavelength and a waveband, said second blue lasersource having a second laser driver, generating laser light from a thirdred laser source emitting a third beam of the third waveband, said thirdred laser source having a third laser driver, generating converted lightfrom a substrate having a wavelength conversion element for emittinglight at a plurality of wavelengths after absorption of a light beam atan excitation wavelength within the waveband of the second blue lasersource, combining the first and the converted beam, which combinationresults in a white beam; wherein light emitted by the wavelengthconversion element has a green content >65%, wherein the green contentis defined as a portion of light spectrum of the light emitted from thewavelength conversion element that goes into the green waveband, whereinthe green waveband is in the range 495-575 nm, and a Green-Redtransition zone content (GRTZC), defined as${{{GRTZC}\; (\%)} = {\frac{\int_{575\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{600\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}{\int_{400\mspace{11mu} n\; m}^{800\mspace{11mu} n\; m}{{S(\lambda)}d\; \lambda}}*100}},$is smaller than 16%.